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Steven Laureys

University of Liège, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège

94 papers in the library · 10,608 citations · publishing 2005-2026

Papers

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Non-duality in brain and experience of advanced meditators—key role for intrinsic neural timescales

Communications Biology June 12, 2026 Saketh Malipeddi, Arun Sasidharan, Bianca Ventura et al.

Distinguishing between self (internal) and environment (external) is fundamental to human experience, yet mind-body traditions describe non-dual states where this boundary dissolves. However, the neural basis of non-duality remains underexplored. We investigate this in advanced and novice meditators from the Isha Yoga tradition and meditation-naïve controls using psychological scales and...

Comparaison des effets de la méditation d'autocompassion en réalité virtuelle et en audio sur l'activation cérébrale et le bien-être chez des étudiants universitaires

Psycause revue scientifique étudiante de l École de psychologie de l Université Laval April 15, 2026 Kalil Diallo, Ariane Bilodeau, Emmanuelle Hudon et al.

Un nombre alarmant d’étudiants universitaires présente des niveaux élevés de stress psychologique ainsi qu’une faible estime de soi et auto-efficacité, soulignant le besoin d’interventions en santé mentale. La méditation d’autocompassion en pleine conscience (ACPC) apparaît prometteuse pour améliorer rapidement le bien-être psychologique. L’intégration de la réalité virtuelle (VR), comparée à...

A Virtual Clinical Trial of Psychedelics to Treat Patients With Disorders of Consciousness

Advanced Science November 20, 2025 Paolo Cardone, Charlotte Martial, Yonatan Sanz Perl et al. 3 citations

Abstract Disorders of consciousness (DoC), including unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) and minimally conscious state (MCS), have limited treatment options and are characterized by low complexity of brain activity. Recent research suggests that psychedelic drugs, which enhance the complexity of brain activity, could offer promising therapies. Here, individualized whole‐brain computational...

A consensus taxonomy of altered (nonordinary) states of consciousness: Bringing order to disarray.

Psychology of Consciousness Theory Research and Practice June 12, 2025 Etzel Cardeña, Aviva Berkovich-Ohana, Katja Valli et al. 11 citations

This article presents a taxonomy of altered states of consciousness, primarily based on their central phenomenological features. Following taxonomic principles and a modified Delphi methodology, a multidisciplinary, international group identified eight distinct phenomenological/behavioral states (some with subcategories): proto and transitional, delirium, minimal to no awareness, experiential...

Characterization of responders to transcranial direct current stimulation in disorders of consciousness: A retrospective study of 8 clinical trials.

Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics April 18, 2025 Alice Barra, Rodrigo Huerta-Gutierrez, Jitka Annen et al. 3 citations

The treatment for patients with disorders of consciousness challenges researchers and clinicians. The stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may enhance behavioral responsiveness of a subset of patients in a minimally conscious state, while having limited effects in unresponsive patients. However, heterogeneity in responses...

The Neural Correlates of Consciousness: A Spectral Exponent Approach to Diagnosing Disorders of Consciousness.

Brain Sciences April 4, 2025 Ying Zhao, Anqi Wang, Weiqiao Zhao et al. 5 citations

Disorder of consciousness (DoC) poses diagnostic challenges due to behavioral assessment limitations. This study evaluates the spectral exponent (SE)-a neurophysiological biomarker quantifying the decay slope of electroencephalography (EEG) aperiodic activity-as an objective tool for consciousness stratification and clinical behavior scores correlation. The study involved 15 DoC patients, nine...

Time-to-onset and temporal dynamics of EEG during breath-watching meditation

bioRxiv Preprint Server February 11, 2025 Saketh Malipeddi, Arun Sasidharan, Rahul Venugopal et al. 2 citations preprint

Introduction Mind-body practices, such as meditation, enhance mental well-being. Research studies consistently demonstrate improved brain function and psychological well-being in meditation practitioners. A substantial body of neuroscientific evidence highlights changes in alpha and theta frequency bands during meditation among practitioners. Neurophysiological effects of meditation are...

Neural field modeling and analysis of consciousness states in the brain.

Neuroscience of Consciousness 2025 Daniel Polyakov, P A Robinson, Avigail Makbili et al.

Understanding the neural correlates of consciousness remains a central challenge in neuroscience. In this study, we explore the potential of neural field theory (NFT) as a computational framework for representing consciousness states. While prior research has validated NFT's capacity to differentiate between normal and pathological states of consciousness, the relationship of its parameters to...

EEG signature of near-death-like experiences during syncope-induced periods of unresponsiveness.

Neuroimage September 1, 2024 Charlotte Martial, Andrea Piarulli, Olivia Gosseries et al. 10 citations

During fainting, disconnected consciousness may emerge in the form of dream-like experiences. Characterized by extra-ordinary and mystical features, these subjective experiences have been associated to near-death-like experiences (NDEs-like). We here aim to assess brain activity during syncope-induced disconnected consciousness by means of high-density EEG monitoring. Transient loss of...

Large language models auto-profile conscious awareness changes under psychedelic drug effects

Research Square August 8, 2024 Danilo Bzdok, Robin Carhart-Harris, Chloe Savignac et al. 3 citations

Abstract Psychedelic experiences open a colorful view into drug-induced changes in conscious awareness. Small-sample studies on psychedelic drug action have gained traction in recent years. Yet, today’s means for measuring changes in subjective experience are mostly limited to legacy questionnaires of pre-assumed relevance, which could be complemented by bottom-up explorations of semantic...

Critical dynamics in spontaneous EEG predict anesthetic-induced loss of consciousness and perturbational complexity.

Communications Biology August 5, 2024 Charlotte Maschke, Jordan O'Byrne, Michele Angelo Colombo et al. 50 citations

Consciousness has been proposed to be supported by electrophysiological patterns poised at criticality, a dynamical regime which exhibits adaptive computational properties, maximally complex patterns and divergent sensitivity to perturbation. Here, we investigate dynamical properties of the resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) of healthy subjects undergoing general anesthesia with propofol,...

Changes in high-order interaction measures of synergy and redundancy during non-ordinary states of consciousness induced by meditation, hypnosis, and auto-induced cognitive trance.

Neuroimage June 1, 2024 Pradeep Kumar, Rajanikant Panda, Kanishka Sharma et al. 20 citations

High-order interactions are required across brain regions to accomplish specific cognitive functions. These functional interdependencies are reflected by synergistic information that can be obtained by combining the information from all the sources considered and redundant information (i.e., common information provided by all the sources). However, electroencephalogram (EEG) functional...

Study protocol: Cerebral characterization of sensory gating in disconnected dreaming states during propofol anesthesia using fMRI

Frontiers in Neuroscience February 13, 2024 Benedetta Cecconi, Javier Montupil, Sepehr Mortaheb et al. 6 citations

Background: Disconnected consciousness describes a state in which subjective experience (i.e., consciousness) becomes isolated from the external world. It appears frequently during sleep or sedation, when subjective experiences remain vivid but are unaffected by external stimuli. Traditional methods of differentiating connected and disconnected consciousness, such as relying on behavioral...

Criticality of resting-state EEG predicts perturbational complexity and level of consciousness during anesthesia.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology October 31, 2023 Charlotte Maschke, Jordan O'Byrne, Michele Angelo Colombo et al. 7 citations preprint

Consciousness has been proposed to be supported by electrophysiological patterns poised at criticality, a dynamical regime which exhibits adaptive computational properties, maximally complex patterns and divergent sensitivity to perturbation. Here, we investigated dynamical properties of the resting-state electroencephalogram of healthy subjects undergoing general anesthesia with propofol,...

Method for quantifying arousal and consciousness in healthy states and severe brain injury via EEG-based measures of corticothalamic physiology.

Journal of neuroscience methods October 1, 2023 S Assadzadeh, Jitka Annen, Leandro R. D. Sanz et al.

Characterization of normal arousal states has been achieved by fitting predictions of corticothalamic neural field theory (NFT) to electroencephalographic (EEG) spectra to yield relevant physiological parameters. A prior fitting method is extended to distinguish conscious and unconscious states in healthy and brain injured subjects by identifying additional parameters and clusters in parameter...

Autonomic nervous system modulation during self-induced non-ordinary states of consciousness

Scientific Reports September 22, 2023 Victor Oswald, Audrey Vanhaudenhuyse, Jitka Annen et al. 24 citations

Self-induced cognitive trance (SICT) is a voluntary non-ordinary state of consciousness characterized by a lucid yet narrowed awareness of the external surroundings. It involves a hyper-focused immersive experience of flow, expanded inner imagery, modified somatosensory processing, and an altered perception of self and time. SICT is gaining attention due to its potential clinical applications....

Electroencephalographic Signature of Out-of-Body Experiences Induced by Virtual Reality: A Novel Methodological Approach.

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience September 1, 2023 Charlotte Martial, Héléna Cassol, Mel Slater et al. 13 citations

Out-of-body experiences (OBEs) are subjective experiences of seeing one's own body and the environment from a location outside the physical body. They can arise spontaneously or in specific conditions, such as during the intake of dissociative drug. Given its unpredictable occurrence, one way to empirically study it is to induce subjective experiences resembling an OBE using technology such as...

Personality traits and pattern of beliefs of near-death(-like) experiencers

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience April 28, 2023 Aminata Bicego, Héléna Cassol, Jessica Simon et al. 13 citations

Introduction Little is known about the potential personality and psychological predictors of near-death experiences (NDEs), and fewer yet those of near-death-like experiences (NDEs-like; similar phenomenology reported after a non-life-threatening context). This study investigated whether personality traits (Openness, Extraversion, Pleasantness, Conscientiousness, and Neuroticism), dissociative...

Incidence of near-death experiences in patients surviving a prolonged critical illness and their long-term impact: a prospective observational study

Critical Care February 27, 2023 A. Rousseau, Laurence Dams, Quentin Massart et al. 26 citations

Background So far, the few prospective studies on near-death experience (NDE) were carried out only in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with homogeneous aetiologies, such as cardiac arrest or trauma survivors. The aims of this 1-year prospective and monocentric study were to investigate the incidence of NDE in ICU survivors (all aetiologies) as well as factors that may affect its frequency,...

Altered Brain Connectivity and Network Topological Organization in a Non-ordinary State of Consciousness Induced by Hypnosis

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 2023 Rajanikant Panda, Audrey Vanhaudenhuyse, Andrea Piarulli et al. 15 citations

Hypnosis has been shown to be of clinical utility; however, its underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to investigate altered brain dynamics during the non-ordinary state of consciousness induced by hypnosis. We studied high-density EEG in 9 healthy participants during eyes-closed wakefulness and during hypnosis, induced by a muscle relaxation and eyes fixation procedure....

Doing what matters in times of stress: No-nonsense meditation and occupational well-being in COVID-19.

PLoS One 2023 Justine Van de Velde, Katia Levecque, Bert Weijters et al. 1 citation

While the COVID-19 pandemic challenged the general public's health and well-being, it exacerbated the pre-existing well-being issues in the educational sector in many countries. Mindfulness-based interventions are often applied to protect and promote occupational well-being. To investigate how the well-being benefits of these interventions arise, we selected one accessible technique that is...

Chinese translation and validation of the Near-Death Experience Content scale.

Frontiers in Psychiatry 2023 Yan Li, Yan Chen, Charlotte Martial et al.

In recent years, a growing number of near-death experience (NDE) testimonies have been collected worldwide due to an increasing interest in research on this phenomenon. China has many patients who survive life-threatening situations, leaving over much data on NDEs to be collected for research. In the historical context of Eastern civilization, many mentally controlled practices in China can...

A neurophenomenological approach to non-ordinary states of consciousness: hypnosis, meditation, and psychedelics

Trends in Cognitive Sciences December 22, 2022 Christopher Timmermann, Prisca R. Bauer, Olivia Gosseries et al. 145 citations

No contemporary unifying framework has been provided for the study of non-ordinary states of consciousness (NSCs) despite increased interest in hypnosis, meditation, and psychedelics. NSCs induce shifts in experiential contents (what appears to the experiencer) and/or structure (how it appears). This can allow the investigation of the plastic and dynamic nature of experience from a multiscale...

Low-dimensional organization of global brain states of reduced consciousness

bioRxiv Preprint Server September 28, 2022 Yonatan Sanz Perl, Carla Pallavicini, Juan Piccinini et al. preprint

Brain states are frequently represented using a unidimensional scale measuring the richness of subjective experience (level of consciousness). This description assumes a mapping between the high-dimensional space of whole-brain configurations and the trajectories of brain states associated with changes in consciousness, yet this mapping and its properties remain unknown. We combined whole-brain...

Unifying turbulent dynamics framework distinguishes different brain states

Communications Biology June 29, 2022 Anira Escrichs, Yonatan Sanz Perl, Carme Uribe et al. 67 citations

Significant advances have been made by identifying the levels of synchrony of the underlying dynamics of a given brain state. This research has demonstrated that non-conscious dynamics tend to be more synchronous than in conscious states, which are more asynchronous. Here we go beyond this dichotomy to demonstrate that different brain states are underpinned by dissociable spatiotemporal...