Kirk Warren Brown - The Consciousness Library

Dispositional Hypo-egoicism

Oxford Handbooks Online October 5, 2016 Mark R. Leary, Kirk Warren Brown, Kate J. Diebels 3 citations

This chapter examines the cognitive, motivational, emotional, and interpersonal characteristics that distinguish hypo-egoic from egoic individuals and speculates about the origins of these differences. Cognitively, hypo-egoic people tend to be more focused on stimuli in the present moment, which they process in an experiential fashion with minimal internal commentary. They also tend to be less...

DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199328079.013.20 Well-being: harmonious life Richer connections Emotional equanimity Flow +8

Alterations in Resting-State Functional Connectivity Link Mindfulness Meditation With Reduced Interleukin-6: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Biological Psychiatry July 1, 2016 J David Creswell, Adrienne A. Taren, Emily K. Lindsay et al.

Mindfulness meditation training interventions have been shown to improve markers of health, but the underlying neurobiological mechanisms are not known. Building on initial cross-sectional research showing that mindfulness meditation may increase default mode network (DMN) resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) with regions important in top-down executive control (dorsolateral prefrontal...

DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.01.008 Full text Functional connectivity Il-6 Mindfulness meditation Stress +2

Predictors and moderators of biopsychological social stress responses following brief self-compassion meditation training.

Psychoneuroendocrinology July 1, 2016 Joanna J Arch, Lauren N Landy, Kirk Warren Brown

Arch et al. (2014) demonstrated that brief self-compassion meditation training (SCT) dampened sympathetic (salivary alpha-amylase) and subjective anxiety responses to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), relative to attention and no-instruction control conditions. The present study examined baseline predictors and moderators of these SCT intervention effects. Baseline characteristics included...

DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.03.009 Full text Meditation Alpha-amylase Self-compassion Social anxiety +2

Mindfulness Enhances Episodic Memory Performance: Evidence from a Multimethod Investigation

PLoS One April 26, 2016 Kirk Warren Brown, Robert J. Goodman, Richard M. Ryan et al. 105 citations

Training in mindfulness, classically described as a receptive attentiveness to present events and experiences, has been shown to improve attention and working memory. Both are key to long-term memory formation, and the present three-study series used multiple methods to examine whether mindfulness would enhance episodic memory, a key form of long-term memory. In Study 1 (N = 143), a...

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153309 Mindfulness Episodic memory Cognitive psychology Working memory +5

Meta-analytic evidence for effects of mindfulness training on dimensions of self-reported dispositional mindfulness.

Psychological Assessment 2016 Jordan T. Quaglia, Sarah Braun, Sara P Freeman et al. 339 citations

Improvements in stable, or dispositional, mindfulness are often assumed to accrue from mindfulness training and to account for many of its beneficial effects. However, research examining these assumptions has produced mixed findings, and the relation between dispositional mindfulness and mindfulness training is actively debated. A comprehensive meta-analysis was conducted on randomized...

DOI: 10.1037/pas0000268 Mindfulness Psycinfo Moderation Clinical psychology +5

Contemplating Mindfulness at Work

Journal of Management November 19, 2015 Darren Good, Christopher Lyddy, Theresa M. Glomb et al. 1,007 citations

Mindfulness research activity is surging within organizational science. Emerging evidence across multiple fields suggests that mindfulness is fundamentally connected to many aspects of workplace functioning, but this knowledge base has not been systematically integrated to date. This review coalesces the burgeoning body of mindfulness scholarship into a framework to guide mainstream management...

DOI: 10.1177/0149206315617003 Mindfulness Mainstream Scholarship Cognition +2

Mindfulness meditation training alters stress-related amygdala resting state functional connectivity: a randomized controlled trial

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience June 5, 2015 Adrienne A. Taren, Peter J. Gianaros, Carol M. Greco et al. 232 citations

Recent studies indicate that mindfulness meditation training interventions reduce stress and improve stress-related health outcomes, but the neural pathways for these effects are unknown. The present research evaluates whether mindfulness meditation training alters resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the amygdala, a region known to coordinate stress processing and physiological...

DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsv066 Full text Amygdala Mindfulness meditation Resting State FMRI Functional connectivity +7

Adaptive neural reward processing during anticipation and receipt of monetary rewards in mindfulness meditators

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience September 4, 2014 Ulrich Kirk, Kirk Warren Brown, Jonathan Downar 66 citations

Reward seeking is ubiquitous and adaptive in humans. But excessive reward seeking behavior, such as chasing monetary rewards, may lead to diminished subjective well-being. This study examined whether individuals trained in mindfulness meditation show neural evidence of lower susceptibility to monetary rewards. Seventy-eight participants (34 meditators, 44 matched controls) completed the...

DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsu112 Full text Mindfulness Anticipation artificial intelligence Receipt Cognitive psychology +1

Neural mechanisms of symptom improvements in generalized anxiety disorder following mindfulness training

NeuroImage Clinical 2013 Britta K. Hölzel, Elizabeth A Hoge, Douglas N. Greve et al. 285 citations

Mindfulness training aims to impact emotion regulation. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) symptoms can be successfully addressed through mindfulness-based interventions. This preliminary study is the first to investigate neural mechanisms of symptom improvements in GAD following mindfulness training. Furthermore, we compared brain activation between GAD patients and healthy participants at...

DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2013.03.011 Generalized anxiety disorder Mindfulness-based stress reduction Amygdala Beck anxiety inventory +5

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Older Adults: Effects on Executive Function, Frontal Alpha Asymmetry and Immune Function

Neuropsychobiology 2013 Jan A. Moynihan, Benjamin P. Chapman, Rafael Klorman et al. 213 citations

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) has enhanced cognition, positive emotion, and immunity in younger and middle-aged samples; its benefits are less well known for older persons. Here we report on a randomized controlled trial of MBSR for older adults and its effects on executive function, left frontal asymmetry of the EEG alpha band, and antibody response. METHODS: Older...

DOI: 10.1159/000350949 Mindfulness Randomized controlled trial Perceived stress scale Clinical psychology +1

Dispositional mindfulness and the attenuation of neural responses to emotional stimuli

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience January 17, 2012 Kirk Warren Brown, Robert J. Goodman, Michael Inzlicht 266 citations

Considerable research has disclosed how cognitive reappraisals and the modulation of emotional responses promote successful emotion regulation. Less research has examined how the early processing of emotion-relevant stimuli may create divergent emotional response consequences. Mindfulness--a receptive, non-evaluative form of attention--is theorized to foster emotion regulation, and the present...

DOI: 10.1093/scan/nss004 Full text Mindfulness Cognitive psychology Psychotherapist

Out of the armchair and into the streets: Measuring mindfulness advances knowledge and improves interventions: Reply to Grossman (2011).

Psychological Assessment November 28, 2011 Kirk Warren Brown, Richard M. Ryan, Tamara M. Loverich et al. 108 citations

We address 3 critiques raised by Grossman (2011) of self-report measures of mindfulness and the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale—Adolescent (MAAS–A) in particular. Grossman questioned whether self-report measures actually assess mindfulness, whether the construct of mindfulness can be understood apart from mindfulness training, and whether there is...

DOI: 10.1037/a0025781 Mindfulness Grossman Psychological intervention Clinical psychology +3

Toward the Integration of Meditation into Higher Education: A Review of Research Evidence

Teachers College Record The Voice of Scholarship in Education March 1, 2011 Shauna L. Shapiro, Kirk Warren Brown, John A. Astin 206 citations

Context There is growing interest in the integration of meditation in higher education. Purpose Here, we review evidence bearing on the utility of meditation to facilitate the achievement of traditional educational goals and to enhance education of the “whole person.” Research Design We examine how meditation practices may help foster important cognitive skills of attention and information...

DOI: 10.1177/016146811111300306 Meditation Scope computer science Context archaeology Interpersonal communication +5

Assessing adolescent mindfulness: Validation of an Adapted Mindful Attention Awareness Scale in adolescent normative and psychiatric populations.

Psychological Assessment 2011 Kirk Warren Brown, Angela Marie West, Tamara M. Loverich et al. 460 citations

Interest in mindfulness-based interventions for children and adolescents is burgeoning, bringing with it the need for validated instruments to assess mindfulness in youths. The present studies were designed to validate among adolescents a measure of mindfulness previously validated for adults (e.g., Brown & Ryan, 2003), which we herein call the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale-Adolescent...

DOI: 10.1037/a0021338 Mindfulness Clinical psychology Normative Psychological intervention +4

The moderation of Mindfulness‐based stress reduction effects by trait mindfulness: Results from a randomized controlled trial

Journal of Clinical Psychology December 22, 2010 Shauna L. Shapiro, Kirk Warren Brown, Carl E. Thoresen et al. 448 citations

Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) has shown effectiveness for a variety of mental health conditions. However, it is not known for whom the intervention is most effective. In a randomized controlled trial (N = 30), we explored whether individuals with higher levels of pretreatment trait mindfulness would benefit more from MBSR intervention. Results demonstrated that relative to a control...

DOI: 10.1002/jclp.20761

Being present in the face of existential threat: The role of trait mindfulness in reducing defensive responses to mortality salience.

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology July 26, 2010 Christopher P. Niemiec, Kirk Warren Brown, Todd B. Kashdan et al. 247 citations

Terror management theory posits that people tend to respond defensively to reminders of death, including worldview defense, self-esteem striving, and suppression of death thoughts. Seven experiments examined whether trait mindfulness-a disposition characterized by receptive attention to present experience-reduced defensive responses to mortality salience (MS). Under MS, less mindful individuals...

DOI: 10.1037/a0019388 Mindfulness Mortality salience Terror management theory Trait +5

The Role of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Perceived Stress: Preliminary Evidence for the Moderating Role of Attachment Style

Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy August 1, 2009 Shari L. Cordon, Kirk Warren Brown, Pamela R. Gibson

The current research investigated whether adult attachment style moderated the effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) participation on levels of perceived stress. Study completing participants (secure group n = 65; insecure group n = 66) completed pre- and postintervention self-report assessments of perceived stress. The insecure group reported significantly higher stress levels...

DOI: 10.1891/0889-8391.23.3.258

Intensive mindfulness training-related changes in cognitive and emotional experience

The Journal of Positive Psychology May 1, 2009 Kevin M. Orzech, Shauna L. Shapiro, Kirk Warren Brown et al. 128 citations

This study examined the role of intensive mindfulness training on changes in day-to-day experiential processing, psychological symptoms, resilience, and well-being in two groups of community adults (N = 69). Using both quasi-experimental and longitudinal methods, the study found that intensive training, operationalized as 10–12 hours of formal mindfulness practice per day for 1 month, was...

DOI: 10.1080/17439760902819394 Mindfulness Anxiety Operationalization Clinical psychology +7

Mindfulness-based stress reduction for the treatment of adolescent psychiatric outpatients: A randomized clinical trial.

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2009 Gina M. Biegel, Kirk Warren Brown, Shauna L. Shapiro et al. 657 citations

Research has shown that mindfulness-based treatment interventions may be effective for a range of mental and physical health disorders in adult populations, but little is known about the effectiveness of such interventions for treating adolescent conditions. The present randomized clinical trial was designed to assess the effect of the mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program for...

DOI: 10.1037/a0016241 Anxiety Randomized controlled trial Psychological intervention Mindfulness-based stress reduction +4

Mindfulness: Theoretical Foundations and Evidence for its Salutary Effects

Psychological Inquiry October 19, 2007 Kirk Warren Brown, Richard M. Ryan, J. David Creswell 3,622 citations

Interest in mindfulness and its enhancement has burgeoned in recent years. In this article, we discuss in detail the nature of mindfulness and its relation to other, established theories of attention and awareness in day-to-day life. We then examine theory and evidence for the role of mindfulness in curtailing negative functioning and enhancing positive outcomes in several important life...

DOI: 10.1080/10478400701598298 Mindfulness Interpersonal communication Empirical evidence Psychotherapist +4

Addressing Fundamental Questions About Mindfulness

Psychological Inquiry October 19, 2007 Kirk Warren Brown, Richard M. Ryan, J. David Creswell 300 citations

Every moment a beginning, every moment an end. -Salzman (2000) Mindfulness is essentially about waking up to what the present moment offers. It sounds easy, but as most of us know, waking up can be...

DOI: 10.1080/10478400701703344 Mindfulness Moment physics Psychotherapist Cognitive psychology +1

Teaching self-care to caregivers: Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on the mental health of therapists in training.

Training and Education in Professional Psychology May 1, 2007 Shauna L. Shapiro, Kirk Warren Brown, Gina M. Biegel 1,134 citations

Preparation for the role of therapist can occur on both professional and personal levels. Research has found that therapists are at risk for occupationally related psychological problems. It follows that self-care may be a useful complement to the professional training of future therapists. The present study examined the effects of one approach to self-care, Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction...

DOI: 10.1037/1931-3918.1.2.105

Perils and Promise in Defining and Measuring Mindfulness: Observations From Experience

Clinical Psychology Science and Practice July 1, 2004 Kirk Warren Brown 112 citations

As mindfulness research advances on a variety of fronts, it has become increasingly important to carefully define and measure the construct.In this commentary, we draw from our recent research experience on these topics in addressing four issues of primary concern to Bishop et al: The nature of mindfulness, the role of acceptance in the phenomenon, the relation between mindfulness and...

DOI: 10.1093/clipsy/bph078 Mindfulness Cognitive psychology Psychotherapist

Perils and promise in defining and measuring mindfulness: Observations from experience.

Clinical Psychology Science and Practice 2004 Kirk Warren Brown, Richard M. Ryan 552 citations

As mindfulness research advances on a variety of fronts, it has become increasingly important to carefully define and measure the construct. In this commentary, we draw from our recent research experience on these topics in addressing four issues of primary concern to Bishop et al: The nature of mindfulness, the role of acceptance in the phenomenon, the relation between mindfulness and...

DOI: 10.1093/clipsy.bph078 Mindfulness Cognitive psychology Psychotherapist

The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being.

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2003 Kirk Warren Brown, Richard M. Ryan 13,338 citations

Mindfulness is an attribute of consciousness long believed to promote well-being. This research provides a theoretical and empirical examination of the role of mindfulness in psychological well-being. The development and psychometric properties of the dispositional Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) are described. Correlational, quasi-experimental, and laboratory studies then show that...

DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822

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