23 papers in the library · 12 citations · publishing 2012-2018
Oxford Handbooks Online July 10, 2018 Denis Fisette
This chapter is about Husserl’s early phenomenology. It is divided into five parts. The first part is about the young Husserl’s years of study and his encounter with Brentano in Vienna and with Carl Stumpf in Halle. The second and third parts are meant to succinctly describe Husserl’s original contribution to Brentano’s philosophical program prior to the publication of his Logical...
Oxford Handbooks Online July 10, 2018 Alexander Schnell
The thesis of this chapter consists in putting forward the idea that, from the point of view of their speculative foundation, the works of the founding fathers of phenomenology (Husserl and Heidegger) admit of a unity, the nature of which is clarified by certain crucial contributions from German idealism. The perspective that the author is concerned to develop consists in attempting to show...
Oxford Handbooks Online April 5, 2018 Tore Nielsen 1 citation
The fleeting dream images of sleep onset afford a rare glimpse at how experience is transformed from the perceptually grounded consciousness of wakefulness to the hallucinatory simulations of dreaming. These images, or microdreams, are briefer, simpler, and more accessible to phenomenological scrutiny than are the long REM dreams traditionally recorded in the sleep lab. This chapter shows that...
Oxford Handbooks Online April 5, 2018 Erin J. Wamsley
Dreaming has often been viewed as a “mysterious” experience entirely distinct from waking cognition. An alternative view proposes that dreams are generated by the same fundamental processes that give rise to spontaneous thought during wakefulness. New evidence suggests that these processes include activity of the brain’s memory systems, supporting consolidation of newly encoded experience....
Oxford Handbooks Online April 5, 2018 Elizaveta Solomonova
Sleep paralysis is an experience of being temporarily unable to move or talk during the transitional periods between sleep and wakefulness: at sleep onset or upon awakening. The feeling of paralysis may be accompanied by a variety of vivid and intense sensory experiences, including mentation in visual, auditory, and tactile modalities, as well as a distinct feeling of presence. This chapter...
Oxford Handbooks Online April 5, 2018 Halvor Eifring
For more than two millennia, contemplative traditions across the Eurasian continent have seen spontaneous thought as a distraction that binds the devout to the phenomenal world, clogs the gateway to fundamental aspects of reality, and is used by demons to tempt the pious away from their prayer or meditation. At the same time, many traditions have believed the fruits of contemplative practice to...
Oxford Handbooks Online April 5, 2018 Jennifer Windt, Ursula Voss
Dreams are sometimes described as an intensified form of spontaneous waking thought. Lucid dreams may seem to be a counterexample, because metacognitive insight into the fact that one is now dreaming is often associated with the ability to deliberately control the ongoing dream. This chapter uses conceptual considerations and empirical research findings to argue that lucid dreaming is in fact a...
Oxford Handbooks Online April 5, 2018 Zachary C. Irving, Evan Thompson
This chapter provides an introduction to the philosophy of mind-wandering. It begins with a philosophical critique of the standard psychological definitions of mind-wandering as task-unrelated thought or stimulus-independent thought. Although these definitions have helped bring mind-wandering research onto center stage in psychology and cognitive neuroscience, they have substantial limitations....
Oxford Handbooks Online April 5, 2018 Justin S. Whitaker, Douglass Smith
The Pāli Canon presents a number of summaries of the Buddha’s teaching, one of the most concise being that of the Three Trainings (or Three Disciplines): ethics, meditation, and wisdom. The purpose of this chapter is to explicate the various formulations of these Three Trainings as well as to discuss their relationship to one another and other Pāli Buddhist teachings. Its focus is on the Pāli...
Oxford Handbooks Online October 5, 2017 Helen Y. Weng, Brianna S. Schuyler, Richard J. Davidson
Compassion meditation is a form of mental training that cultivates compassion towards oneself and other people, and is thought to result in greater prosocial behavior in real-world settings. This framework views compassion as a quality that can be trained, rather than a stable trait, and scientists have started testing these hypotheses using neuroscientific and objective behavioral methods. How...
Oxford Handbooks Online June 6, 2017 William F. Bristow
Chapter 5 displays narrative unity in the “Reason chapter” of Hegel’s Phenomenology by showing how consciousness as reason becomes, and takes successive forms as, purposive activity: first, as organism, then, as end-directed human action, and finally, as human action that is its own end. The successive forms of purposive activity in the chapter are generated as attempts to resolve the...
Oxford Handbooks Online October 5, 2016 Mark R. Leary, Kirk Warren Brown, Kate J. Diebels 3 citations
This chapter examines the cognitive, motivational, emotional, and interpersonal characteristics that distinguish hypo-egoic from egoic individuals and speculates about the origins of these differences. Cognitively, hypo-egoic people tend to be more focused on stimuli in the present moment, which they process in an experiential fashion with minimal internal commentary. They also tend to be less...
Oxford Handbooks Online October 5, 2016 Mark R. Leary, Kate J. Diebels, Katrina P. Jongman-Sereno et al.
Topics related to self and identity have been of considerable interest to social and personality psychologists because people’s self-relevant thoughts play an important role in their cognitions, motives, emotions, and behavior. Most work in the area of self and identity has focused on phenomena that involve a high degree of self-awareness, egocentrism, and egoism. Phenomena characterized by a...
Oxford Handbooks Online October 5, 2016 Ralph W. Hood
The shift from negative evaluations of hypo-egoicism to more positive considerations is a shared interest of both the positive psychologist and the psychologist of religion. This chapter suggests that the possible positive benefits of hypo-egoicism associated with experiences of transcendence may be interpreted as vertical (more common in psychology of religion) or horizontal (more common in...
Oxford Handbooks Online June 2, 2016 Christian Coseru
In challenging the physicalist conception of consciousness advanced by Cārvāka materialists such as Bṛhaspati, the Buddhist philosopher Śāntarakṣita addresses a series of key issues about the nature of causality and the basis of cognition. This chapter considers whether causal accounts of generation for material bodies are adequate in explaining how conscious awareness comes to have the...
Oxford Handbooks Online April 7, 2016 Lori Gruen
Consciousness, understood as an awareness of what is going on that helps shape one’s experiences, is one of the ways that scholars have distinguished animal life from the rest of the natural world. Beings that have interests in having good experiences and avoiding bad ones deserve our moral attention, and this quality is an important feature of ethical engagement with other sentient beings,...
Oxford Handbooks Online August 6, 2015 Piotr Balcerowicz
Kundakunda and Umāsvāti are among the first philosophers in Jainism to lay foundations for of Jaina philosophy of mind. A key concept in their philosophy of mind is that of a cognitive faculty, located in and constitutive of the self. Cognitive faculties should be understood as processes or manners through which the self makes use of the physical sensory apparatus, as well as the actual...
Oxford Handbooks Online April 7, 2015 Andrew C. Papanicolaou
Brain activity during rest, as measured and imaged mainly by fMRI, appears to be due to a number of simultaneously active neuronal networks. The network identified first is the default mode network, which has been used as a marker of conscious awareness in patients with compromised consciousness. In this chapter, the methods of deriving this and other resting networks are outlined, the...
Oxford Handbooks Online July 1, 2014 Andrew C. Papanicolaou
This chapter addresses and reconciles often conflicting conclusions published in the professional functional neuroimaging literature regarding the neuronal networks that may mediate consciousness viewed as a function, as well as neuronal circuits that represent specific products of that function, such as concepts, percepts, and experiences that are also referred to as the “contents” or the...
Oxford Handbooks Online September 5, 2013 Tim Bayne
It is often said that the normal unity of consciousness fragments, and perhaps even breaks down entirely, in psychiatric disorders. This chapter examines ways in which the unity-or, better, unities-of consciousness might be lost in the context of psychiatric disorders, such as multiple personality disorder, schizophrenia, and depersonalization.
Oxford Handbooks Online September 5, 2013 Thor Grünbaum, Dan Zahavi
This chapter argues that explicit (reflective) self-conscious thinking is founded on an implicit (pre-reflective) form of self-awareness built into the very structure of phenomenal consciousness. In broad strokes, the argument is that a theory denying the existence of pre-reflective or minimal self-awareness has difficulties explaining a number of essential features of explicit first-person...
Oxford Handbooks Online September 18, 2012 John Whaley, John Sloboda, Alf Gabrielsson
Musical-peak experiences are a significant component of the lives of many people. They are powerful, valued, have lasting effects, and – for some – are a reason for continued engagement with music. This article highlights research on the peak experience, emphasizing literature focusing on music-specific peaks. After outlining four studies fundamental to the study of peaks in music, a section...
Oxford Handbooks Online May 1, 2012 Lawrence A. Shapiro 8 citations
The article explains the history, core concepts, methodological practices, and future prospects of embodied cognition. Cognitivism treats cognition, including perception, as a constructive process in which computational operations transform a static representation into a goal state. Cognition begins with an input representation so that the psychological subject can be conceived as a passive...