PLoS One
December 8, 2010
Hui Kuang, Longnian Lin, Joe Z. Tsien
Ketamine is a widely used dissociative anesthetic which can induce some psychotic-like symptoms and memory deficits in some patients during the post-operative period. To understand its effects on neural population dynamics in the brain, we employed large-scale in vivo ensemble recording techniques to monitor the activity patterns of simultaneously recorded hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells and...
Substance Use & Misuse
December 2010
John Stirling, Lauren McCoy
52 ketamine users were "opportunistically" recruited to take part in a survey of the psychological effects of the drug, in Manchester, United Kingdom in 2008. Twenty-seven ketamine-naïve respondents were also recruited for comparison in respect of "other" recreational drug use and level of schizotypy. Ketamine users attributed a wide range of appetitive, aversive, after-effect, and dissociative...
Acta Neuropsychiatrica
December 2010
Gislaine T Rezin, Cinara L Gonçalves, Juliana F Daufenbach et al.
Rezin GT, Gonçalves CL, Daufenbach JF, Carvalho-Silva M, Borges LS, Vieira JS, Hermani FV, Comim CM, Quevedo J, Streck EL. Effect of chronic administration of ketamine on the mitochondrial respiratory chain activity caused by chronic mild stress. Recently, we reported that mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I, III and IV were inhibited in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum of rats...
Clinical radiology
October 2010
K Mason, A M Cottrell, A G Corrigan et al.
Ketamine is a short-acting dissociative anaesthetic whose hallucinogenic side effects have led to an increase in its illicit use amongst club and party goers. There is a general misconception amongst users that it is a safe drug with few long term side effects, however ketamine abuse is associated with severe urinary tract dysfunction. Presenting symptoms include urinary frequency, nocturia,...
The Journal of ECT
September 2010
Nagahisa Okamoto, Tetsuji Nakai, Kota Sakamoto et al.
Reports of the superiority of the antidepressant effect of ketamine during the conduct of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) have been limited. We conducted an open-label trial of ketamine to determine whether ketamine as the anesthetic during ECT would provide a greater antidepressant effect than the antidepressant effect obtained with propofol. Between April 2006 and April 2007, 31 inpatients...
Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior
September 1, 2010
Bryan A Killinger, Mary M Peet, Lisa E Baker
41 citations
Salvia divinorum is a small perennial shrub that has gained recent popularity among the drug-using subculture as a legal alternative to hallucinogens. Salvinorin A, the main active compound found in the S.divinorum plant, is an atypical hallucinogen with pharmacological selectivity at kappa opioid (KOP) receptor sites and is a unique non-nitrogenous neoclerodane diterpene which is structurally...
Brain Research Bulletin
August 30, 2010
Francisca Charliane Carlos Da Silva, Maria Do Carmo de Oliveira Cito, Maria Izabel Gomes Da Silva et al.
A growing body of evidence has pointed to the ionotropic glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA) as an important player in the etiology of psychopathologies, including anxiety and major depression. Clinical findings suggest that ketamine may be used for the treatment of major depression. There is evidence that reactive oxygen species also play an important role in the pathogenesis of...
Journal of Neuroscience
August 25, 2010
Silvia Sorce, Stefania Schiavone, Paolo Tucci et al.
Subanesthetic doses of NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine induce schizophrenia-like symptoms in humans and behavioral changes in rodents. Subchronic administration of ketamine leads to loss of parvalbumin-positive interneurons through reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated by the NADPH oxidase NOX2. However, ketamine induces very rapid alterations, in both mice and humans. Thus, we have...
Science
August 19, 2010
Nanxin Li, Boyoung Lee, Rongjian Liu et al.
2,875 citations
The rapid antidepressant response after ketamine administration in treatment-resistant depressed patients suggests a possible new approach for treating mood disorders compared to the weeks or months required for standard medications. However, the mechanisms underlying this action of ketamine [a glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist] have not been identified. We observed...
Anesthesiology
August 6, 2010
Edward F. Domino, David S. Warner
517 citations
Pharmacologic actions of CI-581, a chemical derivative of phencyclidine, were determined in 20 volunteers from a prison population. The results indicate that this drug is an effective analgesic and anesthetic agent in doses of 1.0 to 2.0 mg per kilogram. With intravenous administration the onset of action is within 1 min and the effects last for about 5 to 10 min, depending on dosage level and...
The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
July 13, 2010
Nancy Diazgranados, Lobna Ibrahim, Nancy E. Brutsché et al.
563 citations
OBJECTIVE: Suicidal ideation is a medical emergency, especially when severe. Little research has been done on pharmacologic interventions that could address this problem. Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-asparate antagonist, has been reported to have antidepressant effects within hours. We examined the effects of a single dose of ketamine on suicidal ideation in subjects with treatment-resistant major...
Journal of Palliative Medicine
July 2010
Scott A Irwin, Alana Iglewicz
Depression is prevalent and undertreated in patients receiving hospice care. Standard antidepressants do not work rapidly or often enough to benefit most of these patients. Here, two cases are reported in which a single oral dose of ketamine provided rapid and moderately sustained symptom relief for both depression and anxiety. In addition, no adverse effects were noted. Further investigation...
Neuropsychopharmacology
June 1, 2010
Giacomo Salvadore, Brian R Cornwell, Fabio Sambataro et al.
Pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC) hyperactivity differentiates treatment responders from non-responders to various pharmacological antidepressant interventions, including ketamine, an N -methyl- D -aspartate receptor antagonist. Evidence of pgACC hyperactivition during non-emotional working memory tasks in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) highlights the importance of this...
Psychopharmacology
June 1, 2010
Christina L Nemeth, Tracie A. Paine, Joseph E Rittiner et al.
102 citations
Disruptions in perception and cognition are characteristic of psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia. Studies of pharmacological agents that alter perception and cognition in humans might provide a better understanding of the brain substrates of these complex processes. One way to study these states in rodents is with tests that require attention and visual perception for correct...
Psychopharmacology
May 2010
Pierre Pouget, Nicolas Wattiez, Sophie Rivaud-Péchoux et al.
Ketamine, a non-competitive N-methyl-D: -aspartic acid antagonist, has been widely used for anaesthetic purposes. At sub-anaesthetic dosage, it induces a dissociative state similar to schizophrenia. The discovery of this effect on dissociative state has led to its use as a pharmacological model of schizophrenia and has also been responsible for its illegal use as a recreational drug. Whereas...
Biological Psychiatry
April 10, 2010
Philip R. Corlett, D. D’Souza, J. Krystal
We would like to report a case of Capgras syndrome in a healthy subject, which was induced by ketamine, [an antagonist of the N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptors]. We believe this is the first report of delusion-like misidentification following controlled administration of a psychotomimetic drug, raising the possibility that the neurochemical and cognitive mechanisms...
Indian Journal of Psychiatry
April 1, 2010
T. Rao, Chittaranjan Andrade
Byline: T.S. Rao, Chittaranjan. Andrade Antidepressant drugs have traditionally addressed the monoamine triumvirate: serotonin, noradrenaline, and dopamine. There have been predominantly two mechanisms recruited in drug action - inhibition of monoamine reuptake and inhibition of intravesicular monoamine catabolism. Tianeptine, which increases the synaptic reuptake of serotonin, and mirtazapine,...
Substance Use & Misuse
March 1, 2010
Ornella Corazza, Fabrizio Schifano
43 citations
Increase in recreational ketamine use may be a cause for concern. We aimed here at assessing, in a sample of ketamine misusers, concordance between the typical near-death experience (NDE) features and the on-drug psychoactive effects the subjects experienced. In 2003-2005, a sample of previous ketamine misusers recollecting a ketamine-related NDE were recruited through snowballing and screened...
Journal of Psychopharmacology
February 1, 2010
D. Dickerson, Brian Pittman, E. Ralevski et al.
The γ-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA A ) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors mediate aspects of the behavioural effects of alcohol. Prior studies reported drugs that block NMDA receptors or facilitate GABA A receptor function produce ethanol-like effects in humans. The purpose of this study was to compare the ethanol-related effects of two pharmacological agents with known NMDA and GABA A...
Biological Psychiatry
January 15, 2010
Marije Aan Het Rot, Katherine A. Collins, James W. Murrough et al.
A single subanesthetic (intravenous) IV dose of ketamine might have rapid but transient antidepressant effects in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Here we tested the tolerability, safety, and efficacy of repeated-dose open-label IV ketamine (six infusions over 12 days) in 10 medication-free symptomatic patients with TRD who had previously shown a meaningful antidepressant...