LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide)

The review presents opposing views on whether drug-induced model psychoses are useful for studying schizophrenia, without stating a conclusion.

review

LSD increased visual cortex cerebral blood flow, decreased visual cortex alpha power, and expanded primary visual cortex functional connectivity, which correlated with visual hallucinations, while decreased parahippocampus-retrosplenial cortex connectivity correlated with ego-dissolution and altered meaning.

experimental study

LSD-assisted psychotherapy reduced trait and state anxiety at 2 months with effect sizes of 1.1 and 1.2, and reductions were sustained for 12 months with no serious adverse events.

randomized controlled trial Sample size: 12

Crystal structures of two serotonin receptor subtypes reveal how ligand binding differences influence signaling mechanisms and biological responses, including for a precursor of LSD.

structural biology study

LSD and other ergoline derivatives are agonists at the rat trace amine receptor 1, suggesting a potential additional mechanism for their effects.

pharmacological characterization

A single dose of LSD, in the context of various alcoholism treatment programs, was associated with a decrease in alcohol misuse (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.36–2.84).

meta-analysis Sample size: 536

LSD increased global functional connectivity in the brain, which correlated with subjective reports of ego dissolution and reduced modular organization.

observational cohort

Classic psychedelics, including LSD, show strong potential as therapeutics for psychological distress, depression, and addiction, and as tools for studying mystical experiences and brain function.

integrative review

The crystal structure of LSD bound to the human serotonin receptor 5-HT2B reveals a 'lid' formed by extracellular loop 2 that may explain LSD's slow binding kinetics and its selective signaling.

experimental study with structural biology and molecular dynamics simulations

LSD is physiologically well tolerated in controlled settings and shows renewed potential for brain research and experimental treatments, though its pharmacology is complex and not completely understood.

review

LSD-assisted psychotherapy produced sustained reductions in anxiety and improvements in quality of life over 12 months, with no lasting adverse reactions.

prospective follow-up with qualitative content analysis Sample size: 10

Intravenous DMT produced dose-dependent hallucinogenic effects that paralleled its pharmacokinetics, and the Hallucinogen Rating Scale distinguished these effects better than biological variables.

double-blind, saline placebo-controlled, randomized study Sample size: 12

Psychedelic substances psilocybin, ketamine, and LSD increased neural signal diversity beyond levels seen in normal waking consciousness, with the increase most pronounced for temporal signal diversity and correlating with the intensity of psychedelic experience.

observational study

Sixty years of study have confirmed early speculations regarding the important relationship between serotonin and both drug-induced and disorder-based psychotic states.

review

LSD produced pronounced hallucinogenic and empathogenic mood effects, decreased prepulse inhibition, and increased autonomic and endocrine measures in healthy subjects.

double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study Sample size: 16

The paper reports the successful synthesis of 1D-LSD and provides its analytical characterization, enabling differentiation from 1T-LSD.

laboratory study

Low-dose LSD altered subjective visual perception but did not affect visual contrast surround suppression, indicating a selective effect on visual processing.

observational cohort

LSD enhanced inter-brain synchrony and felt connectedness in romantic couples compared to placebo, indicating a potential mechanism for psychedelic-induced social bonding.

randomized controlled trial

The text does not report specific findings; it reflects on the experience of conducting the trial and highlights what remains uncertain about LSD-assisted therapy for major depression.

randomized trial

Fluoxetine pretreatment reduced the aversive subjective effects of LSD, including anxiety and dysphoria, in healthy volunteers.

observational cohort

The paper describes a high-sensitivity immunochromatographic assay for the simultaneous detection of mescaline and LSD in hair.

laboratory study

Low doses of psilocybin produced perceptible pharmacological effects without significant perceptual alterations, cognitive impairment, or increased anxiety.

Phase 1, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single ascending dose study Sample size: 56

Proposes that classic serotonergic psychedelics, empathogenic-entactogenic agents, and glutamatergic dissociatives can enable direct engagement with traumatic, shame-laden, and affective antecedents of sexual difficulties by transiently altering states of consciousness and softening defensive avoidance.

review

Psychedelic drugs show therapeutic potential for mental health conditions, and there are potential paths for rescheduling them from Schedule I to reduce barriers to research and medical use.

review

Structural modifications at the N-1-acyl position of lysergamide analogs influence toxicity patterns, particularly affecting cardiopulmonary and genotoxic endpoints.

in silico toxicological assessment