Quantifying the psychological effects of ketamine: from euphoria to the k-Hole.
John Stirling, Lauren McCoy
Substance Use & Misuse December 2010 DOI: 10.3109/10826081003793912 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Survey Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Sample size | 79 |
| Population | 52 ketamine users and 27 ketamine-naïve respondents recruited in Manchester, United Kingdom, in 2008 |
| Topics | Esketamine Ketamine |
| Key findings | Ketamine users attributed a wide range of appetitive, aversive, after-effect, and dissociative experiences to the drug and reported using a much wider range of other recreational drugs than ketamine non-users. Former users reported significantly fewer positive or dissociative experiences than current users. |
Abstract
52 ketamine users were "opportunistically" recruited to take part in a survey of the psychological effects of the drug, in Manchester, United Kingdom in 2008. Twenty-seven ketamine-naïve respondents were also recruited for comparison in respect of "other" recreational drug use and level of schizotypy. Ketamine users attributed a wide range of appetitive, aversive, after-effect, and dissociative experiences to the drug. They also reported using a much wider range of other recreational drugs than ketamine non-users. Former users reported significantly fewer positive or dissociative experiences than current users.
Comparable studies
Other cross-sectional and survey studies on ketamine, most cited first.
| Study | Year | Design | Participants |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5-Year Trends in Use of Hallucinogens and Other Adjunct Drugs among UK Dance Drug Users People who use drugs in dance contexts | 2006 | Repeated-measures cross-sectional survey | |
| Preliminary analysis of positive and negative syndrome scale in ketamine-associated psychosis in comparison with schizophrenia Healthy subjects, ketamine abusers, and schizophrenia patients | 2014 | Cross-sectional study | n = 998 |
| Ketamine as a primary predictor of out-of-body experiences associated with multiple substance use Online survey respondents | 2011 | Cross-sectional survey | n = 192 |
| Self-reported prevalence of dependence of MDMA compared to cocaine, mephedrone and ketamine among a sample of recreational poly-drug users Global non-treatment-seeking sample of last year users of MDMA, cocaine, mephedrone,... | 2014 | Cross-sectional survey | |
| Near-Death States Reported in a Sample of 50 Misusers Previous ketamine misusers who reported a ketamine-related near-death experience | 2010 | Cross-sectional survey | n = 50 |
Citations in the library
Cited by 5
- The Psychedelic Future of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Treatment Current Neuropharmacology January 5, 2024
- Use and abuse of dissociative and psychedelic drugs in adolescence Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior January 27, 2021
- Ketamine use in a large global sample: Characteristics, patterns of use and emergency medical treatment. Journal of Psychopharmacology 2025
- An Update of Ketamine Illicit Use Ketamine Revisited - New Insights into NMDA Inhibitors September 14, 2022
- Syntheses of Ketamine and Related Analogues: A Mini Review Synthesis August 20, 2018
Cites 11
- Subanesthetic Effects of the Noncompetitive NMDA Antagonist, Ketamine, in Humans Archives of General Psychiatry March 1, 1994
- Recent advances in the phencyclidine model of schizophrenia American Journal of Psychiatry October 1, 1991
- Glutamate and the Neural Basis of the Subjective Effects of Ketamine Archives of General Psychiatry February 1, 2008
- Psychological Effects of (S)-Ketamine and N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT): A Double-Blind, Cross-Over Study in Healthy Volunteers Pharmacopsychiatry November 1, 2005
- Schizotypy and psychosis-like experiences from recreational cannabis in a non-clinical sample Psychological Medicine September 1, 2008
and 6 more in the library