780 studies whose primary subject is ketamine were published in 2025, up from 518 in 2024 and the most of any year since 2002.
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Objective: To investigate neurobiological mechanisms through which esketamine produces rapid antidepressant effects in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD), focusing on structural changes in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) and associated molecular pathways. Method: A total of 49 adolescents (13-18 years of age) with DSM-5 MDD were randomized to receive intravenous...
Ketamine dient met voorzichtigheid te worden toegepast bij een bipolaire stoornis vanwege het risico op het uitlokken van psychose, en is het meest geschikt als kortdurende behandeling (één maand) van ernstige depressie waarvoor anders mogelijk ziekenhuisopname vereist zou zijn. Hoewel zowel ECT als TMS effectief zijn bij bipolaire depressie, werkt ECT sneller en heeft de voorkeur bij...
Ketamines should be used cautiously in bipolar disorder due to its potential to trigger psychosis, and is best reserved for short-term (one-month) treatment of severe depression that might otherwise require hospitalization. While both ECT and TMS are effective for bipolar depression, ECT acts faster and is preferred for more severe cases with psychotic features, with studies showing remission...
Yue, Luo, and colleagues discovered that adenosine signalling is the common underlying mechanism of rapid acting antidepressant therapies, unifying the effects of ketamine, ECT and acute intermittent hypoxia. They use genetically encoded sensors, along with extensive mechanistic dissection, to show that all three induce adenosine surges in mood-regulatory circuits via A1 and A2A receptor...
Background: Suicidal ideation (SI) represents a clinical challenge in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD), and the management of this condition should be as rapid and effective as possible. Intranasal Esketamine has shown promise in patients with TRD due to its rapid onset of action on both SI and depressive symptoms. Since this medication has been recently approved, real-world...
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a multifactorial mental health condition involving genetic, environmental, and neurobiological factors. Conventional antidepressants such as fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, require weeks to exert therapeutic effects, whereas ketamine and esketamine act rapidly via glutamatergic modulation. These drugs may also converge on the inhibition...
Depression is a common, debilitating, and potentially life-threatening mental disorder affecting individuals across all age groups and populations. It represents one of the major challenges of contemporary medicine. It is estimated that more than 300 million people worldwide are affected, and patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) exhibit a significantly increased risk of suicide,...
Cancer patients frequently experience pain and depression, yet current guidelines address these conditions separately and do not recommend a single agent for concurrent management. Ketamine and its S-enantiomer esketamine, through N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonism and glutamate modulation, may offer dual benefit. This paper examined ten clinical studies published between 2018 and 2024...
Ketamine, known for its rapid-acting antidepressant effects, is often coadministered with other psychoactive drugs, including opioids and cannabinoids, in both clinical and recreational settings. We investigated whether ketamine (R-, S-, or racemic R, S-) isoforms alter the subjective effects of morphine or Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and whether the interoceptive effects of ketamine overlap...
Purpose A systematic review was conducted to synthesize the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of psychedelics including ketamine, MDMA, ayahuasca, LSD, DMT, ibogaine, and psilocybin in the treatment of PTSD. Recent Findings Among 5,155 studies identified, 42 studies met criteria and were included in our systematic review. Ketamine consistently produced rapid symptom improvement that attenuated...
Ketamine is a unique anesthetic agent that induces dissociative anesthesia, characterized by perceptual detachment, analgesia, and altered states of consciousness. Beyond its widespread use in anesthesia, subhypnotic ketamine dosing has emerged as a rapid-acting antidepressant and a valuable model for probing the neural mechanisms underlying consciousness and neuropsychiatric disorders. At the...
By Keith Jenkins · 2025 · Read by 49 — The K-Factor: A Paradigm Shift in Psychiatric Nursing and the Evolving Role of the Nurse in Ketamine Therapy in International Journal of Nursing and Health Care Research
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) remains a significant public-health challenge, with many patients failing to respond to conventional therapies. Ketamine has emerged as a rapid-acting intervention, but quantitative outcomes alone do not capture patients' lived experiences, which shape engagement, acceptability, and adherence. We conducted a narrative review of qualitative and mixed-methods...
Ketamine is a traditional anesthetic, which has attracted much attention in recent years for its rapid antidepressant effect. It has performed particularly well in the treatment of patients with intractable depression, marking major breakthrough in the area of mental illness treatment. However, with further research, its potential neurotoxicity has gradually emerged, especially in the case of...
Grande Medical JournalDecember 22, 2025Suraj Gyawali, Rajeeb Raj Thapaliya, Olita Shilpakar et al.
Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic widely used in emergency medicine due to its preservation of airway reflexes and cardiovascular stability. A systematic review of studies published between 2000 and 2024 identified 18 relevant articles evaluating ketamine use in emergency settings. Sub-dissociative doses provide effective analgesia with opioid-sparing effects, while procedural sedation,...
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is characterised by altered perception of self, mood changes, and suicidal ideation. The traditional treatments of BPD, including psychotherapy, fail to provide an immediate response in susceptible patients. However, recent literature has shed light on the use of Ketamine as intervention for suicidal ideation in BPD patients, as well as for patients with...
Chronic stress precipitates depression, yet how gut-immune-brain interactions translate stress into mood pathology remains unclear. We tested the hypothesis that stress-primed small intestinal γδ T cells drive hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction and depression-like behavior via interleukin-17A (IL-1A). In mice exposed to chronic restraint stress (CRS), we combined behavioral assays...
BACKGROUND: Elderly patients undergoing pulmonary lobectomy with incision are at a high risk for postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Intraoperative esketamine may offer potential neuroprotective benefits. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of intraoperative esketamine in reducing the incidence of POCD in elderly patients undergoing pulmonary lobectomy with incision. METHODS: In...
Dissociation is a complex and transdiagnostic phenomenon defined as a disruption of, or discontinuity in, the normal, subjective integration of one or more aspects of psychological functioning. Dissociation has been identified as one of the most frequently occurring adverse effects associated with the use of esketamine nasal sprays. Individuals with high trait dissociation may be at a higher...