Drug Testing and Analysis
February 18, 2026
Rie Tanaka, Maiko Kawamura, Michiho Ito et al.
Recently, many lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) analogs have emerged as designer drugs worldwide. In Japan, these compounds are distributed as paper sheet or tablet products and are available online. Even after these compounds were regulated, new compounds with modified structures continued to appear. In the present study, two LSD analogs were identified from tablet or paper sheet products. Gas...
Forensic Toxicology
April 3, 2025
Rie Tanaka, Maiko Kawamura, Michiho Ito et al.
3 citations
Recently, numerous lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) analogs have emerged as designer drugs globally. These compounds are mainly distributed as sheet products. In this study, two new LSD analogs were identified from sheet products. The structures of the compounds were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-photodiode array-mass spectrometry, liquid...
Drug Testing and Analysis
June 1, 2024
Takuji Shoda, Genichiro Tsuji, Maiko Kawamura et al.
1 citation
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a hallucinogenic compound that binds to and activates the serotonin 2A receptor and is classified as a controlled narcotic in Japan. Recently, MiPLA, an N-methyl-N-isopropyl derivative of LSD, has been detected in paper-sheet products in several countries. This study focuses on the synthesis of MiPLA and includes a comprehensive analysis involving structural...
Forensic Toxicology
July 1, 2023
Rie Tanaka, Maiko Kawamura, Sakumi Mizutani et al.
18 citations
Many analogs of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) have recently appeared as designer drugs around the world. These compounds are mainly distributed as sheet products. In this study, we identified three more newly distributed LSD analogs from paper sheet products. The structures of the compounds were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-photodiode...
Journal of Pharmacological Sciences
December 1, 2022
Tomohiko Irie, Yuta Yanase, Yosuke Demizu et al.
2 citations
N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) in the brain are influenced by psychoactive drugs such as 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexan-1-one (ketamine) and its analog 2-(ethylamino)-2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-cyclohexanone (methoxetamine). The recreational methoxetamine use can cause several toxicities and methoxetamine-related deaths have also been reported. Therefore, it has been banned in...
Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan
2022
Rie Tanaka, Maiko Kawamura, Sakumi Mizutani et al.
3 citations
Arylcyclohexylamines are a category of substances to which the anesthetic ketamine belongs. The arylcyclohexylamines have been reported to act as antagonists of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. An analog of ketamine, 2-(ethylamino)-2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-cyclohexanone (methoxetamine; MXE), has been controlled as a narcotic in Japan and overdoses of MXE have been reported to cause health...
Analytical methods : advancing methods and applications
September 16, 2021
Izumi Morita, Yuki Kiguchi, Hiroyuki Oyama et al.
3 citations
A sensitive immunochemical method for identifying hallucinogenic mushrooms (magic mushrooms) is required for regulating their illicit use. We have previously generated a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that targets psilocin (Psi), the major psychoactive compound in hallucinogenic mushrooms, and developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). However, this ELISA failed to achieve the expected...
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI
October 31, 2020
Rie Tanaka, Maiko Kawamura, Takashi Hakamatsuka et al.
15 citations
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a hallucinogen, synthesized from ergot alkaloid, and controlled as a narcotic in Japan. Recently, LSD derivatives have appeared as designer drugs, all over the world. In previous study, we reported identification and analysis of four LSD derivatives in four paper sheet products. In this study, we detected three additional LSD derivatives from three paper...
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis
July 21, 2020
Izumi Morita, Hiroyuki Oyama, Yuki Kiguchi et al.
17 citations
Development of rapid and reliable immunochemical methods for monitoring psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine; Pyb) and psilocin (dephosphorylated metabolite; Psi), the psychoactive compounds contained within hallucinogenic mushrooms (magic mushrooms), is desirable in order to identify these mushrooms and regulate their illicit use. Because no antibody was publicly available for...
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI
April 30, 2020
Rie Tanaka, Maiko Kawamura, Takashi Hakamatsuka et al.
15 citations
To prevent the abuse of new psychoactive substances (NPS), a total of 2372 substances and two plants are controlled as "Designated Substances" in Japan as of September 2019. Although the distribution of these substances has decreased for the past three years, newly-emerged NPS are still being found. In this study, we detected four lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) derivatives as designer drugs...
Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
September 1, 2019
Toshinari Mitsuoka, Kenji Hanamura, Noriko Koganezawa et al.
INTRODUCTION In recent years, new psychoactive substances (NPS) have been widely distributed for abuse purposes. Effective measures to counter the spread of NPS are to promptly legislate them through the risk assessment. Phencyclidine analogues having inhibitory effects toward NMDA receptor (NMDAR) have recently emerged in Japan. Therefore, it is important to establish a high-throughput system...
Forensic Toxicology
July 1, 2017
Genri Kawahara, Hideyuki Maeda, Ruri Kikura-Hanajiri et al.
17 citations
N -Benzyl-substituted 2C class phenethylamines (NBOMes) are psychoactive designer drugs, with strong hallucinogenic and stimulant effects, even at low doses. The designer drug, 2-(4-bromo-2, 5-dimethoxyphenyl)- N -(2-methoxybenzyl) ethanamine (25B-NBOMe) is considered to be one of the most potent agonists of the serotonin-2A (5-HT_2A) receptor. Recently, we reported the first lethal case of...
Forensic Toxicology
2017
Genri Kawahara, Hideyuki Maeda, Ruri Kikura-Hanajiri et al.
correction
N-Benzyl-substituted 2C class phenethylamines (NBOMes) are psychoactive designer drugs, with strong hallucinogenic and stimulant effects, even at low doses. The designer drug, 2-(4-bromo-2, 5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2methoxybenzyl) ethanamine (25B-NBOMe) is considered to be one of the most potent agonists of the serotonin-2A (5HT2A) receptor. Recently, we reported the first lethal case of 25B-NBOMe...
Legal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)
September 1, 2015
Keiko Kudo, Yosuke Usumoto, Ruri Kikura-Hanajiri et al.
A woman in her thirties was found dead on a bed. Considerable amounts of "aroma liquid" and "bath salt" products and hypnotic drug tablets were scattered beside the bed. Autopsy showed pulmonary congestion and edema. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses of "aroma liquid" and "bath salt" products showed the presence of new...
Current Neuropharmacology
March 1, 2011
Chiharu Sogawa, Norio Sogawa, Kazumi Ohyama et al.
50 citations
Methylone (2-methylamino-1-[3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl]propane-1-one) is a synthetic hallucinogenic amphetamine analog, like MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxy- methamphetamine), considered to act on monoaminergic systems. However, the psychopharmacological profile of its cytotoxicity as a consequence of monoaminergic deficits remains unclear. We examined here the effects of methylone on the transporters...
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI
February 1, 2010
Nahoko Uchiyama, Norimasa Miyazawa, Maiko Kawamura et al.
16 citations
Thirty-two psychotropic substances were listed as designated substances (Shitei-Yakubutsu, 31 compounds and 1 plant) in Japan by the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law in April 2007 for preventing the abuse of these substances. Subsequently, other psychoactive compounds were also added to this category, 40 substances (classified as 12 tryptamines, 17 phenethylamines, 3 piperazines, 6 alkyl nitrites, 1...
Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry
August 23, 2009
Yoshihiro Matsushima, Osamu Shirota, Ruri Kikura-Hanajiri et al.
77 citations
Psilocybe argentipes is a hallucinogenic mushroom. The present study examined the effects of P. argentipes on marble-burying behavior, which is considered an animal model of obsessive-compulsive disorder. P. argentipes significantly inhibited marble-burying behavior without affecting locomotor activity as compared with the same dose of authentic psilocybin. These findings suggest that P....
Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan
August 1, 2009
Ruri Kikura-Hanajiri, Takuro Maruyama, Akinori Miyashita et al.
15 citations
Voacanga africana (Apocynaceae) is a small tropical African tree. The root bark and seeds of this tree contain a number of alkaloids, including ibogaine (a hallucinogenic/aphrodisiac compound in bark), tabersonine (a major constituteent of seeds) and other voacanga alkaloids, traditionally used in Africa for religious purposes. Recently, some kinds of products containing this plant (root bark...
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI
June 1, 2009
Maiko Kawamura, Yukihiro Goda, Ruri Kikura-Hanajiri
19 citations
Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART) is a novel ionization technique that provides for the rapid ionization of small molecules under ambient conditions. To investigate the trend of non-controlled psychotropic plants of abuse in Japan, a rapid screening method, without sample preparation, was developed using DART-time of flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) for plant products. The major psychotropic...
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI
October 1, 2008
Nahoko Uchiyama, Ruri Kikura-Hanajiri, Nobuo Kawahara et al.
46 citations
Many psychotropic substances are easily available in Japan via the Internet, thus the spread of drug abuse is becoming more serious problem. To avoid drug abuse, 32 substances have been controlled in Japan since April in 2007 by the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law as designated substances (Shitei-Yakubutsu, classified as 11 tryptamines, 11 phenethylamines, 2 piperazines, 6 alkyl nitrites, 1...
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI
June 1, 2008
Nahoko Uchiyama, Maiko Kawamura, Hiroyuki Kamakura et al.
17 citations
Many psychotropic substances are readily available in Japan via the Internet. To avoid the spread of drug abuse, some drugs have been controlled as designated substances (Shitei-Yakubutsu) in Japan since 2007 by the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law. Twenty-nine designated substances (classified as tryptamine, phenethylamine and piperazine types) were analyzed using color tests and TLC. The color...
Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan
2008
Takuro Maruyama, Hiroyuki Kamakura, Ruri Kikura-Hanajiri et al.
14 citations
Ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/mass spectrometry (MS) analysis was performed to investigate whether commercial Salvia cultivars available in the Japanese market contain salvinorin A (1), which is an hallucinogen present in magic mint (Salvia divinorum) prior to the regulation of S. divinorum by the Japanese Pharmaceutical Affairs Law. In addition, a previously reported method to...