ISSN 1942-7603, 1942-7611
87 papers in the library · 2,921 citations · publishing 2010-2026
Drug Testing and Analysis August 27, 2026
Synthesis and Analytical Characterization of 1-(1,2-Dimethylcyclobutane-1-Carbonyl)-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (1D-LSD) and Differentiation From 1-(Thiophene-2-Carbonyl)-LSD (1T-LSD).
Drug Testing and Analysis February 18, 2026 Rie Tanaka, Maiko Kawamura, Michiho Ito et al.
Recently, many lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) analogs have emerged as designer drugs worldwide. In Japan, these compounds are distributed as paper sheet or tablet products and are available online. Even after these compounds were regulated, new compounds with modified structures continued to appear. In the present study, two LSD analogs were identified from tablet or paper sheet products. Gas...
Drug Testing and Analysis February 17, 2026 Yuki Azuma, Akiko Asada, Misa Tanaka et al.
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) analogs represent an emerging class of new psychoactive substances (NPS). These compounds are often rapidly metabolized, making direct detection of the parent compound in biological samples difficult. Therefore, metabolite detection serves as a critical and effective strategy for the confirmation of consumption. However, the metabolic pathways of these analogs...
Drug Testing and Analysis July 22, 2025 N Meert, K Segers, F Van Durme et al.
MDMA, commonly known as "ecstasy," is widely used in clubs and at festivals, earning its reputation as a "party drug." The increasing demand for rapid on-site dose estimation of MDMA in tablets arises from the need of various stakeholders, including law enforcement, emergency services, and public health officials, to respond appropriately to potential public safety risks and incidents. This...
Drug Testing and Analysis June 1, 2025 N Meert, J Eliaerts, F Van Durme et al. 8 citations
Despite the fact that drugs of abuse are illegal, a drug-free festival still remains an utopia in most settings. For law enforcement purposes, it is necessary to rapidly determine whether controlled substances are involved. On-site testing is a challenging task because drugs appear in different physical forms and concentrations. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of two...
Drug Testing and Analysis May 21, 2025 Donata Favretto, Antonello Cirnelli, Roberto Pertile et al. 2 citations
A child died in the emergency room of a local hospital a few hours after ingesting a substance the color of cork and the consistency of earth. At home, a modest amount of resinous substance was found. At the hospital, the child exhibited alterations in walking, balance, and consciousness. Intubation was needed for the onset of dyspnea, so fentanyl and ketamine were administered during the...
Drug Testing and Analysis April 1, 2025 Yuki Okada, Hiroki Segawa, Tadashi Yamamuro et al. 6 citations
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) analogs have emerged as new psychoactive substances (NPS) since the mid-2010s, and new compounds continue to emerge for recreational use. Since the end of 2023, "1D-AL-LAD" appeared on X (formerly Twitter) and other websites. As for the compound "1D-LSD" (which also has "1D" in the name), several studies show that the ingredient of seized blotter paper printed...
Drug Testing and Analysis April 1, 2025 Simon D. Brandt, Pierce V. Kavanagh, Sarah Gare et al. 4 citations
The development of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) derivatives and analogs continues to inform the design of novel receptor probes and potentially new medicines. On the other hand, a number of newly developed LSD derivatives have also emerged as recreational drugs, leading to reports of their detection in some countries. One position in the ergoline scaffold of LSD that is frequently targeted...
Drug Testing and Analysis 2025 Pierce V. Kavanagh, Folker Westphal, Benedikt Pulver et al. 8 citations
1-Acetyl-N,N-diethyllysergamide (1A-LSD, ALD-52) was first synthesized in the 1950s and found to produce psychedelic effects similar to those of LSD. Evidence suggests that ALD-52 serves as a prodrug in vivo and hydrolysis to LSD is likely responsible for its activity. Extension of the N1-alkylcarbonyl chain gives rise to novel lysergamides, which spurred further investigations into their...
Drug Testing and Analysis December 3, 2024 Simon D. Brandt, Pierce V. Kavanagh, Sarah Gare et al. 5 citations
The classical psychedelic drug (+)-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) continues to attract considerable multidisciplinary interest, and over the last eight decades, many derivatives and analogs of LSD have been synthesized. One site on the ergoline scaffold of LSD that has been frequently modified is the N1-position, with the N1-acylated LSD derivative 1-acetyl-LSD (1A-LSD, ALD-52) being one of...
Drug Testing and Analysis December 1, 2024 Keeper Trout, Paul F. Daley 5 citations
The story of the 1967 appearance of the powerful psychedelic 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM, STP) commonly omits details and often includes hyperbole and inaccuracies. It is well known how and when the drug was first distributed to the public for free by Owsley Stanley, but the role that Alexander Shulgin played in providing that material is not as well understood. In the interest of...
Drug Testing and Analysis October 1, 2024 Jess L Algar, Douglas J Lawes, Adam J Carroll et al. 14 citations
Drug checking is a harm reduction measure that provides people with the opportunity to confirm the identity and purity of substances before consumption. The CanTEST Health and Drug Checking Service is Australia's first fixed-site drug checking service, where clients can learn about the contents of the samples they provide while receiving tailored harm reduction and health advice. Three samples...
Drug Testing and Analysis September 1, 2024 Verena Angerer, Yasmin Schmid, Florian Franz et al. 6 citations
The acute psychoactive, autonomic, and endocrine effects of the new psychoactive substance (NPS) 5,6-methylenedioxy-2-aminoindane (MDAI; 3.0 mg/kg, range 180-228 mg) were investigated in six healthy volunteers (four males, two females) in a non-blinded fashion without placebo. Subjective, cardiovascular, and endocrine responses were compared with two different doses of...
Drug Testing and Analysis September 1, 2024 Eric Deconinck, Marie A Polet, Michaël Canfyn et al.
More and more countries and organisations emphasise the value of harm reduction measures in the context of illicit drug use and abuse. One of these measures is drug checking, a preventive action that can represent a quick win by tailored consultation on the risks of substance use upon analytical screening of a submitted sample. Unlike drop-in centres that operate within a fixed setting,...
Drug Testing and Analysis June 19, 2024 Mattias Persson, Robert Kronstrand, Michael Evans‐brown et al.
Abstract Semi‐synthetic cannabinoids (SSCs) including hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) are emerging on the drug market and sold openly as purportedly legal replacements for cannabis and Δ9‐THC. By the beginning of 2024, 24 European countries had identified HHC, often sold openly in edibles (foods/candy), vapes and low‐THC cannabis flowers and resins. The SSC market is developing rapidly, with HHC...
Drug Testing and Analysis June 1, 2024 Takuji Shoda, Genichiro Tsuji, Maiko Kawamura et al. 1 citation
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a hallucinogenic compound that binds to and activates the serotonin 2A receptor and is classified as a controlled narcotic in Japan. Recently, MiPLA, an N-methyl-N-isopropyl derivative of LSD, has been detected in paper-sheet products in several countries. This study focuses on the synthesis of MiPLA and includes a comprehensive analysis involving structural...
Drug Testing and Analysis February 1, 2024 Simon D. Brandt, Pierce V. Kavanagh, Folker Westphal et al. 5 citations
Preclinical investigations have shown that N-ethyl-N-isopropyllysergamide (EIPLA) exhibits lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)-like properties, which suggests that it might show psychoactive effects in humans. EIPLA is also an isomer of N6 -ethylnorlysergic acid N,N-diethylamide (ETH-LAD), a lysergamide known to produce psychedelic effects in humans that emerged as a research chemical. EIPLA was...
Drug Testing and Analysis June 2, 2023 I. Ujváry
Since the early 2000s, there has been a turmoil on the global illicit cannabinoid market. Parallel to legislative changes in some jurisdictions regarding herbal cannabis, unregulated and cheap synthetic cannabinoids with astonishing structural diversity have emerged. Recently, semi-synthetic cannabinoids manufactured from hemp extracts by simple chemical transformations have also appeared as...
Drug Testing and Analysis October 17, 2022 Ryan Gallagher, Maddison G. Mclaughlin, Karen Blakey et al. 2 citations
Abstract N,N ‐Diformylmescaline, a novel analogue of mescaline, has recently been detected in Australia in two unrelated seizures. To confirm the identification, a three‐step synthesis from 3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenylacetic acid was devised. However, purification of the final product proved problematic with the compound prone to degradation in solution. Analysis of the compound by LC–MS indicated...
Drug Testing and Analysis June 1, 2022 Xuan Luo, Di Zhang, Qiulian Luo et al. 4 citations
In this work, 1-[(2″-fluorophenyl)(methylimino)methyl]cyclopentan-1-ol (2-fluorodeschlorohydroxylimine) was identified as a suspected chemical precursor of 2-fluorodeschloroketamine (2-FDCK) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-Q/TOF-MS) and comparing the data with those of ketamine and its chemical precursor,...
Drug Testing and Analysis May 7, 2022 Simon D. Brandt, Pierce V. Kavanagh, Folker Westphal et al. 14 citations
Abstract Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is known to induce powerful psychoactive effects in humans, which cemented its status as an important tool for clinical research. A range of analogues and derivatives has been investigated over the years, including those classified as new psychoactive substances. This study presents the characterization of the novel lysergamide N , N...
Drug Testing and Analysis November 27, 2021 Simon D. Brandt, Pierce V. Kavanagh, Folker Westphal et al. 19 citations
Abstract The psychopharmacological properties of the psychedelic drug lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) have attracted the interest of several generations of scientists. While further explorations involving novel LSD‐type compounds are needed to assess their potential as medicinal drugs, the emergence of novel derivatives as recreational drugs has also been observed. 1‐Valeroyl‐LSD (also known...
Drug Testing and Analysis May 22, 2021 Simon D. Brandt, Pierce V. Kavanagh, Folker Westphal et al. 12 citations
Abstract Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a potent psychoactive substance that has attracted great interest in clinical research. As the pharmacological exploration of LSD analogs continues to grow, some of those analogs have appeared on the street market. Given that LSD analogs are uncontrolled in many jurisdictions, it is important that these analogs be differentiated from LSD. This report...
Drug Testing and Analysis October 29, 2020 Klára Gotvaldová, Kateřina Hájková, Jan Borovička et al. 69 citations
Abstract Psilocybin, psilocin, baeocystin, norbaeocystin, and aeruginascin are tryptamines structurally similar to the neurotransmitter serotonin. Psilocybin and its pharmacologically active metabolite psilocin in particular are known for their psychoactive effects. These substances typically occur in most species of the genus Psilocybe (Fungi, Strophariaceae). Even the sclerotia of some of...
Drug Testing and Analysis August 24, 2020 Simon D. Brandt, Pierce V. Kavanagh, Folker Westphal et al. 5 citations
Recent investigations have shown that N-ethyl-N-cyclopropyl lysergamide (ECPLA) produces LSD-like behavioral effects in mice, which suggests that it may act as a hallucinogen in humans. Although the use of ECPLA as a recreational drug has been limited, key analytical data that can be used to detect ECPLA are required for future forensic and clinical investigations. ECPLA is an isomer of...