Drug Testing and Analysis
April 1, 2025
Yuki Okada, Hiroki Segawa, Tadashi Yamamuro et al.
6 citations
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) analogs have emerged as new psychoactive substances (NPS) since the mid-2010s, and new compounds continue to emerge for recreational use. Since the end of 2023, "1D-AL-LAD" appeared on X (formerly Twitter) and other websites. As for the compound "1D-LSD" (which also has "1D" in the name), several studies show that the ingredient of seized blotter paper printed...
Forensic Toxicology
2024
Yuki Okada, Kazuki Ueno, Noriko Nishiwaki et al.
8 citations
Since the mid-2010s, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) analogs made for substance abuse have periodically emerged. In this case, three pieces of blotter paper labeled "1D-LSD" and presumably impregnated with this LSD analog, were seized. Several websites indicate that 1D-LSD is 1-(1,2-dimethylcyclobutane-1-carbonyl)-LSD. Because this analog is much more difficult to synthesize than previously...
Journal of Forensic Sciences
March 1, 2017
Tatsuyuki Kanamori, Tadashi Yamamuro, Kenji Kuwayama et al.
4 citations
In the study reported here, two glucuronic acid-conjugated metabolites of 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B)-a ring-substituted psychoactive phenethylamine-were chemically synthesized for the first time and a method for analyzing them in urine was developed. β-D-Glucuronide of 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylethylalcohol was successfully synthesized using methyl...
Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
2016
Tatsuyuki Kanamori, Kenji Kuwayama, Kenji Tsujikawa et al.
1 citation
The urinary metabolic profiles of three hallucinogenic 2,5-dimethoxy-4-alkylthiophenethylamine analogs: 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylthiophenethylamine (2C-T-2), 2,5-dimethoxy-4-isopropylthiophenethylamine (2C-T-4), and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-propylthiophenethylamine (2C-T-7), were investigated in rats. For each drug, four male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered 10 mg/kg of 2C-T-2, 2C-T-4, or...
Journal of Forensic Sciences
2013
Tatsuyuki Kanamori, Kyoko Nagasawa, Kenji Kuwayama et al.
20 citations
The metabolites of 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B), a psychoactive drug with hallucinogenic activity, were investigated in a urine sample from a user of 2C-B. The urine sample was deconjugated enzymatically and the metabolites were recovered by liquid-liquid extraction. The extract was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry after derivatization, and the results were used to...
Journal of Forensic Sciences
September 1, 2011
Tatsuyuki Kanamori, Kenji Kuwayama, Kenji Tsujikawa et al.
10 citations
This article describes the synthesis and identification of urinary metabolites of 4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-I), a new psychoactive drug. 2C-I hydrochloride was administered orally to male Sprague-Dawley rats, and the urinary extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), then five putative 2C-I metabolites were synthesized in our laboratory. In the...
The Journal of Toxicological Sciences
2010
Asuka Kaizaki, Sachiko Tanaka, Kenji Tsujikawa et al.
14 citations
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is widely abused as a psychoactive recreational drug. It is well known that MDMA induces neurotoxic damage of serotonergic nerve endings. Although drug abuse is increasing among youths, it is unclear whether recreational drugs affect the development of nerve growth. Thus, the present study examined the effect of recreational drugs, such as MDMA,...
Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems
May 1, 2009
Kenji Tsujikawa, Kenji Kuwayama, Hajime Miyaguchi et al.
64 citations
Salvinorin A is the main active psychoactive ingredient in Salvia divinorum, a Mexican plant that has been widely available as a hallucinogen in recent years. The aims of this study were to investigate the stability of salvinorin A in rat plasma, esterases responsible for its degradation, and estimation of the degradation products. The apparent first-order rate constants of salvinorin A at 37...
Xenobiotica
November 3, 2008
Tatsuyuki Kanamori, Kenji Kuwayama, Kenji Tsujikawa et al.
11 citations
1. The in vivo metabolism of alpha-methyltryptamine (AMT), a psychoactive tryptamine analogue, was studied in rats. 2. Male Wistar rats were administered 10 mg kg(-1) AMT orally and 24-h urine fractions were collected. After enzymatic hydrolysis of the urine sample, the metabolites were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction and analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). 3....
Forensic Science International
September 18, 2008
Kenji Tsujikawa, Kenji Kuwayama, Hajime Miyaguchi et al.
Two major salvinorins, salvinorin A (SalA) and salvinorin B (SalB), in three Salvia divinorum dried leaf products and nine of its "concentrated extract" products circulated in Japan were determined. These ingredients were extracted twice with acetonitrile and decolored with graphite carbon powder. SalA and SalB were confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in product ion scan...
Forensic Science International
December 20, 2006
Kenji Tsujikawa, Hiroyuki Mohri, Kenji Kuwayama et al.
51 citations
The constituents of seven mushrooms sold as Amanita muscaria or Amanita pantherina (five A. muscaria and two A. pantherina) and four "extracts purported to contain A. muscaria" products that are currently circulated in Japan were determined. All mushroom samples were identified as A. muscaria or A. pantherina by macroscopic and microscopic observation. The dissociative constituents, ibotenic...
Forensic Science International
March 10, 2005
Tatsuyuki Kanamori, Kenji Tsujikawa, Y Ohmae et al.
The metabolism of methamphetamine (MA) and 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B) in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes was investigated, and compared with in vivo results. A suspended hepatocyte culture, established from male Wistar rats using a collagenase perfusion technique, was incubated in the presence of MA or 2C-B. After enzymatic hydrolysis of the conjugated forms, the metabolites...
Forensic Science International
December 17, 2003
Kenji Tsujikawa, Tatsuyuki Kanamori, Yuko T Iwata et al.
79 citations
Morphological and toxicological analyses were performed on hallucinogenic mushrooms that are currently circulated in Japan. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) indicated a three-dimensional microstructures in the mushrooms. The complementary use of SEM with an optical microscope was effective for observing characteristic tissues, such as basidiomycetes, spores, cystidia and basidia....
JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE
April 1, 2003
Tatsuyuki Kanamori, Kenji Tsujikawa, Yoshihito Ohmae et al.
27 citations
The urinary and faecal metabolic profiles of 4bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B) in rat were investigated. Male Wistar rats were administrated 10 mg/kg of 2C-B hydrochloride orally, and the urine and faeces were collected 0‐24 and 24‐48 hr after administration. The samples were processed by liquidliquid extraction, and the extracts analyzed by GC/ MS, after derivatization. The major...