International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering
December 31, 2019
Meditation refers to a state of mind of relaxation and concentration, where generally the mind and body is at rest. The process of meditation reflects the state of the brain which is distinct from sleep or typical wakeful states of consciousness. Meditative practices usually involve regulation of emotions and monitoring of attention. Over the past decade there has been a tremendous increase in...
Cerebral Cortex
December 18, 2019
Matthew Owens, D. Yuan, S. Hahn et al.
preprint
The default mode network (DMN) and dorsal attention network (DAN) demonstrate an intrinsic "anticorrelation" in healthy adults, which is thought to represent the functional segregation between internally and externally directed thought. Reduced segregation of these networks has been proposed as a mechanism for cognitive deficits that occurs in many psychiatric disorders, but this association...
Frontiers in Pharmacology
December 9, 2019
Mirella Russo, Claudia Carrarini, Fedele Dono et al.
Visual hallucinations (VH) are commonly found in the course of synucleinopathies like Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. The incidence of VH in these conditions is so high that the absence of VH in the course of the disease should raise questions about the diagnosis. VH may take the form of early and simple phenomena or appear with late and complex presentations that include...
Journal of Neuroscience Research
November 20, 2019
Carissa L. Philippi, J. Bruss, Aaron D. Boes et al.
Functional neuroimaging research has consistently associated brain structures within the default mode network (DMN) and frontoparietal network (FPN) with mind‐wandering. Targeted lesion research has documented impairments in mind‐wandering after damage to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampal regions associated with the DMN. However, no lesion studies to date have applied lesion...
Scientific Reports
November 7, 2019
Meichao Zhang, Nicola Savill, Daniel S. Margulies et al.
48 citations
Often, as we read, we find ourselves thinking about something other than the text; this tendency to mind-wander is linked to poor comprehension and reduced subsequent memory for texts. Contemporary accounts argue that periods of off-task thought are related to the tendency for attention to be decoupled from external input. We used fMRI to understand the neural processes that underpin this...
Scientific Reports
November 5, 2019
Matteo De Marco, Sebastien Ourselin, Annalena Venneri
Abstract: Group comparison studies have established that activity in the posterior part of the default-mode network (DMN) is down-regulated by both normal ageing and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study linear regression models were used to disentangle distinctive DMN activity patterns that are more profoundly associated with either normal ageing or a structural marker of neurodegeneration....
eNeuro
November 1, 2019
Clemens C C Bauer, Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli, J L Díaz et al.
While brain default mode network (DMN) activation in human subjects has been associated with mind wandering, meditation practice has been found to suppress it and to increase psychological well-being. In addition to DMN activity reduction, experienced meditators (EMs) during meditation practice show an increased connectivity between the DMN and the central executive network (CEN). However, the...
Frontiers in Neuroscience
October 4, 2019
Marco Marino, Giorgio Arcara, Camillo Porcaro et al.
Hemodynamic fluctuations in the default mode network (DMN), observed through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), have been linked to electrophysiological oscillations detected by electroencephalography (EEG). It has been reported that, among the electrophysiological oscillations, those in the alpha frequency range (8–13 Hz) are the most dominant during resting state. We hypothesized...
Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
October 2, 2019
Felicia Von Düring, I. Ristow, M. Li et al.
Background Brain investigations identified salience network (SN) comprising the dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex (dACC) and the Anterior Insula (AI). Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies revealed the link between the glutamate concentration in the ACC and alterations in attentional scope. Hence, we investigated whether glutamate concentration in the dACC modulates brain response during...
Computers in Human Behavior
October 1, 2019
Daniel R. Anderson, M. Davidson
Abstract Recent neuroscience research has revealed the presence of multiple brain networks underlying functional human psychology. One of these, the default mode network (DMN), has been shown to underlie sustained attention to and comprehension of narrative receptive media such as television. We argue that DMN activation enhances learning of temporal and spatial context and that this type of...
Neuroimage
October 1, 2019
Jessica Samogin, Quanying Liu, Marco Marino et al.
Electrophysiological studies revealed that different neuronal oscillations, among which the alpha (8-13 Hz) rhythm in particular, but also the beta (13-30 Hz) and gamma (30-80 Hz) rhythms, are modulated during rest in the default mode network (DMN). Little is known, however, about the role of these rhythms in supporting DMN connectivity. Biophysical studies suggest that lower and higher...
Brain Imaging and Behavior
October 1, 2019
Inessa Kraft, Joana Bisol Balardin, João Ricardo Sato et al.
Quality of life is an important issue concerning people all over the world and affecting patients in the mental health field. When considering the potential neural links between quality of life and the brain, a brain network that comes into mind is the default mode network (DMN). Its architecture and function has been investigated in relation to various research fields including social and...
Secrets of Creativity
September 30, 2019
Marcus E. Raichle
Abstract: It may be surprising to learn that the brain’s intrinsic, ongoing activity is the dominant mode of brain function, present and largely nonconscious whether we are daydreaming, sleeping, or engaged in the full range of human behaviors. Intrinsic activity is easily seen in the ongoing electrical activity of the brain, where extensive averaging is needed to separate evoked activity from...
medRxiv
September 29, 2019
Lorenzo Pasquini, Fernanda Palhano-Fontes, Draulio B Araujo
24 citations
preprint
Abstract Background Neuroimaging studies have just begun to explore the acute effects of psychedelics on large-scale brain networks’ functional organization. Even less is known on the neural correlates of subacute effects taking place days after the psychedelic experience. This study explores the subacute changes of primary sensory brain networks and networks supporting higher-order affective...
Frontiers in Neurology
September 18, 2019
Yang Wang, Yun Qin, Hui Li et al.
Internet addiction (IA) has become a global mental and social problem, which may lead to a series of psychiatric symptoms including uncontrolled use of internet, and lack of concentration. However, the exact pathophysiology of IA remains unclear. Most of functional connectivity studies were based on pre-selected regions of interest (ROI), which could not provide a comprehensive picture of the...
Human Brain Mapping
September 18, 2019
Norman Zacharias, Francesco Musso, Felix Müller et al.
70 citations
In resting-state functional connectivity experiments, a steady state (of consciousness) is commonly supposed. However, recent research has shown that the resting state is a rather dynamic than a steady state. In particular, changes of vigilance appear to play a prominent role. Accordingly, it is critical to assess the state of vigilance when conducting pharmacodynamic studies with resting-state...
Frontiers in Psychology
August 28, 2019
Filippo Cieri, Roberto Esposito
In 1895 in the Project for a Scientific Psychology, Freud tried to integrate psychology and neurology in order to develop a neuroscientific psychology. Since 1880, Freud made no distinction between psychology and physiology. His papers from the end of the 1880s to 1890 were very clear on this scientific overlap: as with many of his contemporaries, Freud thought about psychology essentially as...
Trends in Cognitive Sciences
August 16, 2019
A. Satpute, Kristen A. Lindquist
Emotions are often assumed to manifest in subcortical limbic and brainstem structures. While these areas are clearly important for representing affect (e.g. valence, arousal), we propose that the default mode network (DMN) is additionally important for constructing discrete emotional experiences (of anger, fear, disgust, etc.). Findings from neuroimaging studies, invasive electrical stimulation...
Neuroimage
August 1, 2019
Lukasz Smigielski, Milan Scheidegger, Michael Kometer et al.
261 citations
Both psychedelics and meditation exert profound modulatory effects on consciousness, perception and cognition, but their combined, possibly synergistic effects on neurobiology are unknown. Accordingly, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with 38 participants following a single administration of the psychedelic psilocybin (315 μg/kg p.o.) during a 5-day mindfulness...
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
July 2, 2019
Danilo Forghieri Santaella, Joana Bisol Balardin, Rui F. Afonso et al.
37 citations
Large-scale brain networks exhibit changes in functional connectivity during the aging process. Recent literature data suggests that Yoga and other contemplative practices may revert, at least in part, some of the aging effects in brain functional connectivity, including of the Default Mode Network (DMN). The aim of this cross-sectional investigation was to compare resting-state functional...