bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
September 29, 2018
Weihua Zhao, Kaeli Zimmermann, Xinqi Zhou et al.
1 citation
preprint
Abstract Background Deficient regulation of stress plays an important role in the escalation of substance use, addiction and relapse. Accumulating evidence suggests dysregulations in cognitive and reward-related processes and the underlying neural circuitry in cannabis dependence. However, despite the important regulatory role of the endocannabinoid system in the stress response, associations...
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
September 25, 2018
Jacques D. Nguyen, Kevin M Creehan, Tony M Kerr et al.
9 citations
preprint
Abstract Adolescents are regularly exposed to Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) via smoking, and, more recently, vaping, cannabis / extracts. Growing legalization of cannabis for medical and recreational purposes, combined with decreasing perceptions of harm, makes it increasingly important to determine the consequences of frequent adolescent exposure for motivated behavior and lasting tolerance...
Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology
September 22, 2018
Alexander L. Wallace, Natasha E Wade, Kelah Hatcher et al.
43 citations
OBJECTIVE: Research has demonstrated comorbidity between Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and cannabis use, and some have proposed that subclinical ADHD symptoms may explain attentional deficits in cannabis users. Here we investigated whether subclinical ADHD symptoms and cannabis use independently or interactively predict performance on attention tasks in adolescents and young...
Human Brain Mapping
September 12, 2018
Feng Zhou, Kaeli Zimmermann, Fei Xin et al.
80 citations
The transition from voluntary to addictive behavior is characterized by a loss of regulatory control in favor of reward driven behavior. Animal models indicate that this process is neurally underpinned by a shift in ventral-dorsal striatal control of behavior; however, this shift has not been directly examined in humans. The present resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)...
Behavioural Pharmacology
September 7, 2018
P. Oomen, Hendrika H Van Hell, Matthijs G. Bossong
Cannabis remains the most frequently used illicit drug worldwide. It produces a broad range of acute effects, such as euphoria, increased heart rate and perceptual alterations. Over the last few decades, a substantial number of experiments have been conducted to provide insight into the acute effects of cannabis on cognition. Here, we systematically review studies that investigated the impact...
Translational Psychiatry
September 5, 2018
Celia J. A. Morgan, Tom P. Freeman, Chandni Hindocha et al.
The main active ingredient in cannabis, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), can acutely induce psychotic symptoms and impair episodic and working memory. Another major constituent, cannabidiol (CBD), may attenuate these effects. This study aimed to determine the effects of THC and CBD, both alone and in combination on psychotic symptoms and memory function. A randomised, double-blind crossover...
Neurology
September 5, 2018
L. Weizman, Lior Dayan, Silviu Brill et al.
Objective To characterize the functional brain changes involved in δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) modulation of chronic neuropathic pain. Methods Fifteen patients with chronic radicular neuropathic pain participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial employing a counterbalanced, within-subjects design. Pain assessments and functional resting state brain scans were performed...
Psychological Medicine
September 4, 2018
Helen Valerie Curran, Chandni Hindocha, Celia J. A. Morgan et al.
65 citations
BACKGROUND: Changes in cannabis regulation globally make it increasingly important to determine what predicts an individual's risk of experiencing adverse drug effects. Relevant studies have used diverse self-report measures of cannabis use, and few include multiple biological measures. Here we aimed to determine which biological and self-report measures of cannabis use predict cannabis...
September 3, 2018
Michelle Newhart, William Dolphin
Chapter 5: Medical Cannabis Use in Everyday Life turns from the doctor’s office to how patients manage daily life, detailing how patients institute medicalized behaviors with cannabis. This chapter is the first of three based on the classic theory on drug use and extra-drug factors, “drug, set, and setting,” which proposes that a substance’s effects are due to not only the drug itself but also...
The Brown University Child & Adolescent Psychopharmacology Update
September 1, 2018
With more moves toward legalization of recreational cannabis, there is concern about adverse effects, including a possible link between cannabis use and psychosis. “Association of Cannabis Use with Adolescent Psychotic Symptoms,” a research letter published in JAMA Psychiatry, reports that there is a positive link between psychosis symptoms and cannabis use, with the cannabis use coming first.
Psychopharmacology
September 2018
Mehrak Javadi-Paydar, Jacques D. Nguyen, Tony M Kerr et al.
Previous studies report sex differences in some, but not all, responses to cannabinoids in rats. The majority of studies use parenteral injection; however, most human use is via smoke inhalation and, increasingly, vapor inhalation. To compare thermoregulatory and locomotor responses to inhaled ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and their combination using an e-cigarette-based...
Drug and Alcohol Dependence
September 1, 2018
Kelly A. Sagar, Ashley M. Lambros, Mary Kathryn Dahlgren et al.
Cannabis concentrates, including dabs, contain extremely high levels of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Although these products appear to be gaining popularity among recreational cannabis consumers, little data exists regarding concentrate use in the US. We conducted a national web-based survey to examine patterns of concentrate use, specifically dabbing. 4077 respondents completed a survey...
Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior
September 2018
Jacques D. Nguyen, Yanabel Grant, Tony M Kerr et al.
A reduced effect of a given dose of ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) emerges with repeated exposure to the drug. This tolerance can vary depending on THC dose, exposure chronicity and the behavioral or physiological measure of interest. A novel THC inhalation system based on e-cigarette technology has been recently shown to produce the hypothermic and antinociceptive effects of THC in rats. To...
Learning & Memory
September 2018
Rimas A Kubilius, Paul M Kaplick, Carsten T. Wotjak
preprint
The prerequisites for responsible cannabis use are at the heart of current inquiries into cannabis decriminalization by policy makers as well as academic and nonacademic stakeholders at a global scale. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the prime psychoactive compound of the cannabis sativa, as well as cannabimimetics that resemble the pharmacological properties and psychological effects of...
Biological Psychiatry
August 16, 2018
Yan Jouroukhin, Xiaolei Zhu, Alexey V Shevelkin et al.
Background: Although several studies have linked adolescent cannabis use to long-term cognitive dysfunction, there are negative reports as well. The fact that not all users develop cognitive impairment suggests a genetic vulnerability to adverse effects of cannabis, which are attributed to action of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), a cannabis constituent and partial agonist of brain...
Zebrafish
August 2018
John C Achenbach, Jessica Hill, Joseph P M Hui et al.
The Cannabis sativa plant contains numerous phytocannabinoids and terpenes with known or potential biological activity. For decades, plant breeders have been breeding the Cannabis plant to control for a desired ratio of the major cannabinoids. A high-throughput in vivo model to understand the relationship between the chemical composition of different strains and their therapeutic potential then...
Journal of Affective Disorders
August 1, 2018
Carrie Cuttler, Alexander Spradlin, Ryan J Mclaughlin
Cannabis is commonly used to alleviate symptoms of negative affect. However, a paucity of research has examined the acute effects of cannabis on negative affect in everyday life. The current study provides a naturalistic account of perceived changes in symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress as a function of dose and concentration of Δ9tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Data...
August 1, 2018
Josiane Bourque
Cette thèse fait la promotion d’une nouvelle approche ciblant le risque de psychose qui consiste à identifier les enfants et les jeunes adolescents de la communauté appartenant à différentes trajectoires développementales d’expériences psychotiques. Une identification très précoce du risque de psychose chez des jeunes de la communauté pourrait ainsi diminuer la période où les symptômes...
Neuropharmacology
July 15, 2018
Daniel G Barrus, Timothy W Lefever, Jenny L Wiley
Edible cannabis-infused products are an increasingly popular method of using cannabis in the United States. Yet, preclinical research to determine mechanisms underlying abuse of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive constituent of cannabis, has focused primarily on the effects of parenteral administration. The purpose of this study was to examine the rewarding and aversive...
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
July 3, 2018
V. Cardenia, Tullia Gallina Toschi, Simona Scappini et al.
A routine method for determining cannabinoids in Cannabis sativa L. inflorescence, based on Fast gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (Fast GC/MS), was developed and validated. To avoid the decarboxylation of carboxyl group of cannabinoids, different derivatization approaches, i.e. silylation and esterification (diazomethane-mediated), reagents and solvents (pyridine or ethyl...