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Psychological Medicine

ISSN 0033-2917

80 papers in the library · 5,332 citations · publishing 1977-2026

Papers

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Mechanisms of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in difficult-to-treat depression: moderation and mediation analyses from the RESPOND trial.

Psychological Medicine July 13, 2026 Thorsten Barnhofer, Barnaby D. Dunn, Clara Strauss et al.

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) was developed for relapse prevention in people with remitted depression but is increasingly used for those with difficult-to-treat depression (DTD). A key question regarding this broader application is whether ongoing depressive symptoms constrain therapeutic responsiveness or disrupt MBCT's proposed mechanism, decentering. We explored whether baseline...

Cognitive effects of intravenous Ketamine in treatment-resistant depression: A systematic review.

Psychological Medicine May 8, 2026 Lou-Anne Chavigny, Véronique Desbeaumes Jodoin, Nicolas Garel et al.

Intravenous (IV) low-dose ketamine has emerged as a promising treatment for patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). However, its impact on cognitive functioning remains unclear. This systematic review examines the cognitive and executive effects of IV ketamine in TRD, focusing on their relationship to depressive and suicidal outcomes. A systematic search of Cochrane, MEDLINE,...

Mindfulness and psychotic-like experiences in nonclinical populations: a systematic review and two meta-analyses.

Psychological Medicine February 4, 2026 Katrina Mysko, Elise Quarterman Gear, Lyn Ellett

This systematic review and meta-analyses provide the first synthesis of the literature on trait mindfulness and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). Theoretical models suggest a protective function of mindfulness and it is important to understand any potential role of mindfulness in the prevention and treatment of PLEs. We examined the following: (1) What is the relationship between trait...

Momentary dynamics of inner speech varieties, auditory verbal hallucinations, and affect in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: an experience sampling study.

Psychological Medicine January 12, 2026 Lawrence Kin-Hei Chung, Thomas J Whitford, Anson Kai Chun Chau et al.

Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) may arise from misattributed inner speech. However, it is unclear if inner speech frequency and phenomenology differ in schizophrenia-spectrum voice-hearers compared with healthy individuals, and how different inner speech varieties relate to AVH and affect. Using experience sampling methodology (ESM), this study...

Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms following psychedelic use: a naturalistic survey study

Psychological Medicine 2026 Ricarda Evens, Abdo Uyar, Emily Gosslau et al.

BACKGROUND: While clinical research on psychedelics often reports mild and transient side effects, broader survey studies indicate that a subset of users experiences lasting adverse mental health effects. This study investigated whether some of these meet diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHODS: = 243) was conducted with individuals reporting distressing...

The effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on non-suicidal self-injury in hospitalized adolescents with depressive disorders: a randomized controlled trial

Psychological Medicine 2026 Jingjing Xie, Li Li, Xuehua Liu et al.

Abstract Background Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents with depressive disorder is characterized by recurrent impulsivity and is a predictor of future suicidal behavior, necessitating effective and feasible interventions. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for adolescents (MBCT-A), a first-line treatment for depression, was evaluated in this trial for its efficacy in reducing NSSI...

Cannabis use is associated with changes in psychological and functional well-being during young adulthood: evidence from self-reports and hair analyses.

Psychological Medicine August 26, 2025 Lydia Johnson-Ferguson, Michelle Loher, Laura Bechtiger et al. 2 citations

Cannabis use in young adulthood is common, yet few studies have explored how it predicts changes in psychopathology and functional well-being in community samples. We assessed these links using both self-reported frequency of cannabis use and hair THC concentrations. Data came from a community sample of young adults (N = 863) who reported cannabis use (weekly-to-daily use: n = 150) and provided...

The impact of childhood trauma and cannabis use on paranoia: a structural equation model approach.

Psychological Medicine August 8, 2025 Giulia Trotta, Edoardo Spinazzola, Hannah Degen et al. 4 citations

Childhood trauma is a well-established risk factor for psychosis, paranoia, and substance use, with cannabis being a modifiable environmental factor that exacerbates these vulnerabilities. This study examines the interplay between childhood trauma, cannabis use, and paranoia using standard tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) units as a comprehensive measure of cannabis exposure. Data were derived from...

Shared genetics and causal relationship between sociability and the brain’s default mode network

Psychological Medicine May 22, 2025 G. Fanelli, Jamie Robinson, C. Fabbri et al.

Abstract Background The brain’s default mode network (DMN) plays a role in social cognition, with altered DMN function being associated with social impairments across various neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the genetic basis linking sociability with DMN function remains underexplored. This study aimed to elucidate the shared genetics and causal relationship between sociability and...

Ethical issues with psychedelic-assisted treatments in psychiatry: A systematic scoping review

Psychological Medicine 2025 Chiara Caporuscio, Christopher Poppe, Astrid Gieselmann et al. 9 citations

Abstract Based on promising preliminary results from clinical trials, it seems likely that psychedelic substances (classic serotonergic psychedelics, such as psilocybin, and entactogens, such as MDMA) will be introduced into psychiatry as psychedelic-assisted therapy. This also raises a range of ethical questions that urgently need to be addressed before widespread roll-out in society. This...

Electroceutical enhancement of self-compassion training using transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation: results from a preregistered fully factorial randomized controlled trial

Psychological Medicine 2025 Sunjeev K. Kamboj, Matthew Peniket, Jessica Norman et al.

Abstract Background Physiological signals conveyed by the vagus nerve may generate quiescent psychological states conducive to contemplative practices. This suggests that vagal neurostimulation could interact with contemplative psychotherapies (e.g. mindfulness and compassion-based interventions) to augment their efficacy. Methods In a fully factorial experimental trial, healthy adults ( n =...

Adverse psychiatric effects of psychedelic drugs: a systematic review of case reports.

Psychological Medicine November 20, 2024 B Yildirim, S S Sahin, A Gee et al. 19 citations

Psychedelic drugs are a focus of interest in the treatment of depression and other disorders but there are longstanding concerns about possible adverse psychiatric consequences. Because the relevant literature is largely informal, the seriousness of these risks is difficult to evaluate. Searches were made for case reports of schizophrenia-spectrum, affective or other psychiatric disorders after...

Cannabis use and cognitive biases in people with first-episode psychosis and their siblings

Psychological Medicine November 1, 2024 L. Roldán, T. Sánchez-Gutiérrez, I. Fernández-Arias et al.

Background Cannabis use and familial vulnerability to psychosis have been associated with social cognition deficits. This study examined the potential relationship between cannabis use and cognitive biases underlying social cognition and functioning in patients with first episode psychosis (FEP), their siblings, and controls. Methods We analyzed a sample of 543 participants with FEP, 203...

Assessing expectancy and suggestibility in a trial of escitalopram v. psilocybin for depression.

Psychological Medicine June 1, 2024 Balázs Szigeti, Brandon Weiss, Fernando E. Rosas et al. 74 citations

To investigate the association between pre-trial expectancy, suggestibility, and response to treatment in a trial of escitalopram and investigational drug, COMP360, psilocybin, in the treatment of major depressive disorder (ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT03429075). We used data (n = 55) from our recent double-blind, parallel-group, randomized head-to-head comparison trial of escitalopram...

The contribution of cannabis use to the increased psychosis risk among minority ethnic groups in Europe.

Psychological Medicine May 9, 2024 J. Selten, M. di Forti, D. Quattrone et al.

BACKGROUND We examined whether cannabis use contributes to the increased risk of psychotic disorder for non-western minorities in Europe. METHODS We used data from the EU-GEI study (collected at sites in Spain, Italy, France, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands) on 825 first-episode patients and 1026 controls. We estimated the odds ratio (OR) of psychotic disorder for several groups of...

Longitudinal associations between psychedelic use and meditation practices in the United States and the United Kingdom.

Psychological Medicine April 1, 2024 Otto Simonsson, Walter Osika, Cecilia U.D. Stenfors et al. 15 citations

Previous research has proposed that there may be potential synergies between psychedelic and meditation interventions, but there are still knowledge gaps that merit further investigation. Using a longitudinal observational research design with samples representative of the US and UK adult population with regard to sex, age, and ethnicity (N = 9732), we investigated potential associations...

Robotically-induced auditory-verbal hallucinations: combining self-monitoring and strong perceptual priors.

Psychological Medicine February 1, 2024 Pavo Orepic, Fosco Bernasconi, Melissa Faggella et al. 9 citations

Inducing hallucinations under controlled experimental conditions in non-hallucinating individuals represents a novel research avenue oriented toward understanding complex hallucinatory phenomena, avoiding confounds observed in patients. Auditory-verbal hallucinations (AVH) are one of the most common and distressing psychotic symptoms, whose etiology remains largely unknown. Two prominent...

Personality change in a trial of psilocybin therapy v. escitalopram treatment for depression.

Psychological Medicine 2024 Brandon Weiss, Induni Ginige, Lu Shannon et al. 38 citations

Psilocybin Therapy (PT) is being increasingly studied as a psychiatric intervention. Personality relates to mental health and can be used to probe the nature of PT's therapeutic action. In a phase 2, double-blind, randomized, active comparator controlled trial involving patients with moderate-to-severe major depressive disorder, we compared psilocybin with escitalopram, over a core 6-week trial...

Assessing evidence supporting cannabis harm reduction practices for adolescents at clinical high-risk for psychosis: a review and clinical implementation tool.

Psychological Medicine 2024 Simon Kapler, Laura Adery, Gil D Hoftman et al.

Cannabis use is consistently associated with both increased incidence of frank psychotic disorders and acute exacerbations of psychotic symptoms in healthy individuals and people with psychosis spectrum disorders. Although there is uncertainty around causality, cannabis use may be one of a few modifiable risk factors for conversion to psychotic disorders in individuals with Clinical High Risk...

Cost-effectiveness of psilocybin-assisted therapy for severe depression: exploratory findings from a decision analytic model.

Psychological Medicine December 1, 2023 Paul McCrone, Henry Fisher, Clare Knight et al. 34 citations

There is growing evidence to support the use of the psychedelic drug psilocybin for difficult-to-treat depression. This paper compares the cost-effectiveness of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) with conventional medication, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), and the combination of conventional medication and CBT. A decision model simulated patient events (response, remission, and...

Effect of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) on reinforcement learning in humans.

Psychological Medicine October 1, 2023 Jonathan W. Kanen, Qiang Luo, Mojtaba Rostami Kandroodi et al. 44 citations

The non-selective serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptor agonist lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) holds promise as a treatment for some psychiatric disorders. Psychedelic drugs such as LSD have been suggested to have therapeutic actions through their effects on learning. The behavioural effects of LSD in humans, however, remain incompletely understood. Here we examined how LSD affects probabilistic...

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. treatment as usual in people with bipolar disorder: A multicentre, randomised controlled trial.

Psychological Medicine October 1, 2023 Imke Hanssen, Marloes J. Huijbers, Eline Regeer et al. 7 citations

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) seems a promising intervention for bipolar disorder (BD), but there is a lack of randomised controlled trials (RCT) investigating this. The purpose of this multicentre, evaluator blinded RCT was to investigate the added value of MBCT to treatment as usual (TAU) in BD up to 15 months follow-up (NCT03507647). A total of 144 participants with BD type I...

Dark loops: contagion effects, consistency and chemosocial matrices in psychedelic-assisted therapy trials

Psychological Medicine July 19, 2023 Tehseen Noorani, Gillinder Bedi, Suresh Muthukumaraswamy 49 citations

Abstract What happens when an emerging programme of medical research overlaps with a surging social movement? In this article we draw on the anthropological term ‘chemosociality’ to describe forms of sociality born of shared chemical exposure. Psychedelic administration in the context of recent clinical trials appears to have been particularly chemosocial in nature. We argue that one...

Personality Change in a Trial of Psilocybin Therapy vs Escitalopram Treatment for Depression – CORRIGENDUM

Psychological Medicine July 19, 2023 Brandon Weiss, Induni Ginige, Lu Shannon et al. 1 citation

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Varieties of felt presence? Three surveys of presence phenomena and their relations to psychopathology.

Psychological Medicine June 1, 2023 Ben Alderson-Day, Peter Moseley, Kaja Mitrenga et al. 19 citations

Experiences of felt presence (FP) are well documented in neurology, neuropsychology and bereavement research, but systematic research in relation to psychopathology is limited. FP is a feature of sensorimotor disruption in psychosis, hypnagogic experiences, solo pursuits and spiritual encounters, but research comparing these phenomena remains rare. A comparative approach to the phenomenology of...