Schizophrenia Research: Cognition
December 11, 2018
Luccas Coutinho, Hianna Honorato, Cinthia Hiroko Higuchi et al.
8 citations
INTRODUCTION: Cannabis use increases the risk of developing psychosis, and subjects with psychosis are more likely to use cannabis. However, studies on the influence of cannabis on psychotic dimensions, response to treatment, and functional outcomes showed conflicting results. Such heterogeneity may be due the inclusion of patients who were already under treatment, and lack of specificity in...
December 7, 2018
Cannabis use beginning during adolescence may be associated with long-term cognitive impairment Cannabis use impairs driving ability by altering reaction time, judgement and motor coordination, and by distorting perception of time and distance
December 7, 2018
The endocannabinoid system consists of: CB1 and CB2 receptors Endogenous ligands such as anandamide, 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) Synthetic cannabinoids are CB1 full agonists, their effect is even stronger than Sinsemilla The presence of cardiovascular symptoms can help identify synthetic cannabinoid toxicity
December 7, 2018
Cannabis use is a risk factor for psychotic illness Sinsemilla and synthetic cannabinoids carry the highest risk Heavy, daily patterns of use beginning in adolescence are a particular concern Cannabis can cause acute anxiety and panic reactions Data on anxiety disorders is inconsistent
Journal of Ethnopharmacology
December 5, 2018
Sara Anna Bonini, Marika Premoli, Simone Tambaro et al.
669 citations
Cannabis sativa L. (C. sativa) is an annual dioecious plant, which shares its origins with the inception of the first agricultural human societies in Asia. Over the course of time different parts of the plant have been utilized for therapeutic and recreational purposes, for instance, extraction of healing oils from seed, or the use of inflorescences for their psychoactive effects. The key...
Psychological Medicine
December 2018
Subhadip Paul, Sagnik Bhattacharyya
Although alterations in medial temporal lobe structures have been previously associated with use of cannabis, one of the most widely used illicit drugs, whether such alterations are a cause or effect of cannabis use has been unclear. In this cross-sectional observational study involving 404 twins/siblings, we have compared cortical thickness and surface area between groups of gender-matched...
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology
December 2018
Marco Colizzi, Philip Mcguire, Vincent Giampietro et al.
Cannabis can induce transient psychotic and anxiety symptoms and long-lasting disorders. The acute psychoactive effects of its main active ingredient, (-)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), may be modulated by previous cannabis exposure. Secondary data analyses tested whether modest previous cannabis exposure modulated the acute effects of Δ9-THC on attentional salience and emotional...
Journal of Psychopharmacology
December 2018
Douglas L Boggs, Jose A Cortes-Briones, Toral Surti et al.
Binding studies have demonstrated that levels of the cannabinoid receptor type-1 are highest in the basal ganglia and cerebellum, two areas critical for motor control. However, no studies have systematically examined the dose-related effects of intravenous delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the primary cannabinoid receptor type-1 partial agonist in cannabis, on broad domains of psychomotor function...
Neuropsychopharmacology
November 27, 2018
Hanna J Szkudlarek, Sagar Desai, Justine Renard et al.
63 citations
The use of cannabis for therapeutic and recreational purposes is growing exponentially. Nevertheless, substantial questions remain concerning the potential cognitive and affective side-effects associated with cannabis exposure. In particular, the effects of specific marijuana-derived phytocannabinoids on neural regions such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are of concern, given the role of the...
Nature and Science of Sleep
November 26, 2018
Ali A El-Solh
Nightmares are considered the hallmark of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although the characteristics of these distressing dreams may vary with the type of traumatic event, the pathophysiology exposes central dysfunction of brain structures at the level of the hippocampus, amygdala, and locus coeruleus, modulated by neurochemical imbalance in nor-adrenergic, dopaminergic, and serotonin...
Addiction
November 16, 2018
B. Leadbeater, Megan E. Ames, A. Linden-Carmichael
Abstract Aims We tested the age‐varying associations of cannabis use (CU) frequency and disorder (CUD) with psychotic, depressive and anxiety symptoms in adolescent and adult samples. Moderating effects of early onset (≤ 15 years) and sex were tested. Design Time‐varying effect models were used to assess the significance of concurrent associations between CU and CUD and symptoms of psychosis,...
Biochemical Pharmacology
November 2018
V Salgado-Mendialdúa, J Aguirre-Plans, E Guney et al.
Cannabis is the most consumed illicit drug worldwide. Its principal psychoactive component, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), affects multiple brain functions, including cognitive performance, by modulating cannabinoid type-1 (CB1) receptors. These receptors are strongly enriched in presynaptic terminals, where they modulate neurotransmitter release. We analyzed, through a proteomic screening of...
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology
November 1, 2018
Bruna Cuccurazzu, Erica Zamberletti, Cristiano Nazzaro et al.
In rodent models, chronic exposure to cannabis' psychoactive ingredient, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, during adolescence leads to abnormal behavior in adulthood. In female rats, this maladaptive behavior is characterized by endophenotypes for depressive-like and psychotic-like disorders as well as cognitive deficits. We recently reported that most depressive-like behaviors triggered by adolescent...
International Journal of Social Psychiatry
November 1, 2018
M. B. Ortiz-Medina, M. Perea, Julio Torales et al.
Objective: Cannabis consumption produces psychopathology, in some cases psychotic episodes, which are of our interest in this work. However, the relationship between cannabis use and psychosis has not been fully elucidated. The objectives of this work are to (1) review the current state of knowledge on the association of cannabis use with the risk of the development of psychosis or psychotic...
Pharmacology & Therapeutics
October 20, 2018
Michael Bloomfield, Chandni Hindocha, Sebastian F Green et al.
236 citations
receptor. Acutely, cannabis and THC produce a range of effects on several neurocognitive and pharmacological systems. These include effects on executive, emotional, reward and memory processing via direct interactions with the endocannabinoid system and indirect effects on the glutamatergic, GABAergic and dopaminergic systems. Cannabidiol, a non-intoxicating cannabinoid found in some forms of...
Biological Psychiatry
October 15, 2018
Sade M Spencer, Daniela Neuhofer, Vivian C Chioma et al.
Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug, but knowledge of the neurological consequences of cannabis use is deficient. Two primary components of cannabis are Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). We established a THC+CBD model of self-administration and reinstated drug seeking to determine if, similar to other addictive drugs, cannabis produces enduring synaptic changes in...
Journal of Addictive Diseases
October 2, 2018
Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, М.а. Винникова, A. Yu. Nenastieva et al.
27 citations
The paper describes diagnostic criteria, clinical presentation and types of hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD), as well as current approaches to the treatment of this phenomenon using available scientific sources. Three case reports are also presented to demonstrate different types of this disorder. The first case report describes a 23-year old patient with a previous history of...
Drug and Alcohol Dependence
October 1, 2018
Kristen R Trexler, Sara R Nass, Molly S Crowe et al.
A subset of cannabis users develop some degree of Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD). Although behavioral therapy has some success in treating CUD, many users relapse, often citing altered sleep, mood, and irritability. Preclinical animal tests of cannabinoid withdrawal focus primarily on somatic-related behaviors precipitated by a cannabinoid receptor antagonist. The goal of the present study was to...
Psychiatry Research
October 2018
Huiqiong Deng, Christopher D. Verrico, Thomas R Kosten et al.
Synthetic cannabinoid (SC) products have gained popularity as abused drugs over the past decade in many countries. The SCs broadly impact psychological state (e.g., mood, suicidal thoughts and psychosis) and physiological functions (e.g., cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and urinary). This review is about the effects of SCs on psychotic symptoms in clinical settings and the potentially relevant...
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
October 2018
Marco Colizzi, Sagnik Bhattacharyya
Previous studies have reported conflicting results in terms of acute effects of cannabis in man. Independently of other factors, such discrepancy may be attributable to the different cannabis use history of study volunteers. It is thought that regular cannabis users may develop tolerance to the effects of acute cannabis administration. Here we systematically review all studies examining the...