PsyArXiv
May 8, 2021
Joy Xu, Helen Jo, Leena Noorbhai et al.
preprint
BACKGROUNDWith the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, students have experienced drastic changes in their academic and social lives with ensuing consequences towards their physical and mental well-being. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify virtual mindfulness-based interventions for the well-being of young adults aged 15 to 40 years in developed countries and examine the efficacy...
PsyArXiv
April 23, 2021
Renzo Carlo Lanfranco, Andrés Canales-Johnson, Boris Lucero et al.
2 citations
preprint
The contents of consciousness are complex and dynamic and are embedded in perception and cognition. The study of consciousness and subjective experience has been central to philosophy for centuries. However, despite its relevance for understanding cognition and behaviour, the empirical study of consciousness is relatively new, embroiled by the seemingly opposing subjective and objective sources...
PsyArXiv
April 20, 2021
Suraj Sood
preprint
Consciousness enables experience, and each can be placed on a spectrum [1, 14]. Experience is more robust andmultidirectional, though the possibility exists for it to be bidirectional (particularly for the geometrician working along a line, but also generally when considering between two given options). Consciousness is synonymous informally with awareness. When one is conscious, they are...
PsyArXiv
January 5, 2021
Anna Ciaunica, Bruna Petreca, Aikaterini Fotopoulou et al.
preprint
In his seminal paper ‘Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science’ Andy Clark (2013) argued that the brain’s job is to predict whatever information is coming ‘next’ on the basis of prior inputs. This is because the organism’s survival is key to biological agents such as humans. Survival however crucially depends on rapid and accurate information...
PsyArXiv
September 30, 2020
Christoffer Lundbak Olesen, Peter Thestrup Waade, Larissa Albantakis et al.
preprint
The Free Energy Principle (FEP) and Integrated Information Theory (IIT) are two ambitious theoretical approaches. The first aims to make a formal framework for describing self-organizing and life-like systems in general, and the second attempts a mathematical theory of conscious experience based on the intrinsic properties of a system. They are each concerned with complementary aspects of the...
PsyArXiv
August 19, 2020
Debbie Margaretha Louisa De Boer, Patrick Johnston, Graham Kerr et al.
preprint
Recent theories suggest that self-consciousness, in its most elementary form, is separate from the own body. Patients with psychosis frequently misattribute their thoughts and actions to external sources; and in certain out-of-body experiences, lucid states, and dreams body-ownership is absent but self-identification is preserved. We hypothesized that self-identification depends on inferring...
PsyArXiv
June 16, 2020
Joseph T Smith, Heather Kempton, Matt Williams et al.
preprint
Mindfulness research implicitly conceives of mindfulness as an identifiable real ‘thing’ that exists beyond what is directly observed. Recently, a new methodology has been developed which allows mindfulness to be modelled as a complex system or network at the level of self-report. In these models, items become a network’s nodes, and the statistical relations between them, edges. Interpreted...
PsyArXiv
June 10, 2020
Lars Sandved-Smith, Casper Hesp, Antoine Lutz et al.
11 citations
preprint
Metacognition refers to the capacity to access, monitor, and control aspects of one’s mental operations and is central to the human condition and experience. Disorders of metacognition are a hallmark of many psychiatric conditions and the training of metacognitive skills is central in education and in many psychotherapies. This paper provides first steps towards the development of a formal...
PsyArXiv
May 25, 2020
Alexey Chizhik
preprint
This paper presents a method that allows a patient to distinguish whether a current experience is dreamt or real. The method is based on mathematical analysis of complex data that are generated by an external object (for instance, a computer or another person). High complexity of the data and possibility to quantitatively analyze it allow one to unambiguously disentangle dream‐reality...
PsyArXiv
April 23, 2020
Somyajit Chakraborty
preprint
In this paper we shall review the approaches to mathematically formulate cognitive thought processes or consciousness made by Yinsheng(2008) and Bhushan(2018). In the first section of this paper, we will provide a brief insight on both the discrete approach to general consciousness made by Yinsheng and the quantum mechanical approach towards information consciousness made by Bhushan. In the...
PsyArXiv
March 25, 2020
Bethany Butzer
preprint
The topic of synchronicity has long intrigued philosophers, scientists and the general public. Carl Jung formally introduced the term “synchronicity” in the 1950s, however to date very little empirical research has explored the underlying mechanisms of synchronicity. In other words, why do synchronicities occur? Are synchronicities random, or do they hold clues about the ultimate nature of...
PsyArXiv
March 12, 2020
Peter Thestrup Waade
preprint
Roger Ames presents an interpretation of the classic Confucian philosophy where the world is seen as an always ongoing, radically interrelational, holistic process best described in terms of focus and field. Without any permanent ground truth, its inhabitants must be action-oriented way-makers: irreducibly social optimizers, and contextual co-creators, of their shared cosmos. Meanwhile, a prag-...
PsyArXiv
March 9, 2020
Charles Verdonk, Marion Trousselard, Frédéric Canini et al.
preprint
Neuroimaging, behavioral and self-report evidence suggests that there are four main cognitive mechanisms that support mindfulness: 1) self-regulation of attention, 2) improved body awareness, 3) improved emotion regulation, and 4) change in perspective on the self. The current paper discusses these mechanisms, based on studies of Event Related Potential (ERP). We review the ERP literature...
PsyArXiv
January 8, 2020
Tom Froese, Joel Krueger
preprint
Much of the characteristic symptomatology of schizophrenia can be understood as resulting from a pervasive sense of disembodiment. The body is experienced as an external machine that needs to be controlled with explicit intentional commands, which in turn leads to severe difficulties in interacting with the world in a fluid and intuitive manner. In consequence, there is a characteristic...
PsyArXiv
December 28, 2019
Ann Taves, Melissa Gordon Wolf, Elliott Daniel Ihm et al.
preprint
When operationalizing ‘religiosity’ or ‘spirituality’ or ‘religious experience’ as measurable constructs, researchers tacitly treat them as if they were cross-culturally stable ‘things’ rather than investigating the way culturally-laden concepts, such as ‘religious’ or ‘spiritual,’ are used to interpret or appraise contested aspects of human life within and across cultures. To illustrate the...
PsyArXiv
December 15, 2019
Adam Safron
preprint
Here, I provide clarifications and discuss further issues relating to Safron (2020), “An Integrated World Modeling Theory (IWMT) of consciousness: Combining Integrated Information and Global Workspace Theories with the Free Energy Principle and Active Inference Framework; towards solving the Hard problem and characterizing agentic causation.” As a synthesis of major theories of complex systems...
PsyArXiv
July 25, 2019
Ann Taves
preprint
Religious experience played a prominent role in the psychological study of religion in the early decades of the twentieth-century, then waned as behaviorist and quantitative approaches became more prominent, and reemerged in the second half of the twentieth century alongside, and largely distinct from, mystical experience and, more recently, spirituality. Compared to the past, current research...
PsyArXiv
June 24, 2019
Hakwan Lau, Matthias Michel
preprint
Some proponents of the Integrated Information Theory (IIT) of consciousness profess strong views on the Neural Correlates of Consciousness (NCC), namely that large swathes of the neocortex, the cerebellum, at least some sensory cortices, and the so-called limbic system are all not essential for any form of conscious experiences. We argue that this connection is not incidental. Conflation...
PsyArXiv
February 8, 2019
Nicholas Martin Rosseinsky
preprint
I identify seven crucial questions for individual theories-of-consciousness, and apply them to five leading approaches (IIT, GNW, PC, HoT and Orch-OR), highlighting similarities and differences. Under simple quantification, the median score is 1.5/7 (or about 20%!), and the field-leader is Orch-OR (but still scoring only 2.5/7!). Beyond these introductory illustrations, the seven-question...
PsyArXiv
January 7, 2019
Richard Brown, Hakwan Lau, Joseph E LeDoux
preprint
Critics have often misunderstood the higher-order theory (HOT) of consciousness. Here we clarify its position on several issues, and distinguish it from other views such as the global workspace theory (GWT) and early sensory models, such as first-order local recurrency theory. The criticism that HOT overintellectualizes conscious experience is inaccurate because in reality the theory assumes...
PsyArXiv
December 19, 2018
Lampros Perogamvros
preprint
Based on past literature, it is here supported that insomnia, and parasomnias such as sleepwalking, sleep terrors and nightmares, reflect an evolutionary survival mechanism, which has threat-related origins and which, in some vulnerable individuals, becomes persistent due to failure of a fear extinction function. Genetic determinants, personality traits and sleep disturbances seem to determine...
PsyArXiv
October 29, 2018
Michael C Mullarkey, Mallory Dobias, Karen Bluth
preprint
Disentangling the unique associations of self-compassion and mindfulness with adolescent depression has been an empirical challenge. Taking a symptom-level approach to adolescent depression using network analysis can address some of the most common conceptual and psychometric challenges in this area. Under this network analysis framework, some symptoms are more central, or predictive of the...
PsyArXiv
October 15, 2018
Niklas Johannes, Harm Veling, Jonas Dora et al.
preprint
As mobile technology allows users to be online anywhere and at all times, a growing number of users report feeling constantly alert and preoccupied with online streams of online information and communication—a phenomenon that has recently been termed online vigilance. Despite its growing prevalence, the consequences of this constant orientation towards online streams of information and...
PsyArXiv
October 3, 2018
Peter Lush, Zoltan Dienes
preprint
Mindfulness meditation and hypnosis are related in opposing ways to awareness of intentions. The cold control theory of hypnosis proposes that hypnotic responding involves the experience of involuntariness while performing an actually intentional action. Hypnosis therefore relies upon inaccurate metacognition about intentional actions and experiences. Mindfulness meditation centrally involves...
PsyArXiv
October 2, 2018
Roy F. Baumeister
preprint
Time is an important yet mysterious aspects of human conscious experience. We investigated time in everyday thoughts. Two community samples, contacted at random points for three (Study 1; 6,686 reports) and 14 days (Study 2; 2,361 reports), reported on their most recent thought. Both studies found that thoughts about the present and future were frequent, whereas thoughts about the past were...