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Gustavo Deco

Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Universitat Pompeu Fabra

68 papers in the library · 3,916 citations · publishing 2007-2026

Papers

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Flattened brain hierarchy and increased EEG complexity during unusual bodily experiences and out-of-body experiences

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) August 4, 2026 Teresa Campillo-Ferrer, Tomas Berjaga-Buisan, Antonella Iadarola et al. preprint

Abstract Experiences in which the sense of the body becomes distorted offer a unique window into how the brain constructs the bodily self. Despite their clinical relevance in conditions such as depersonalization and body-image disorders, large-scale brain dynamics underlying unusual bodily experiences (UBEs) remain poorly understood, and no prior study has examined them systematically across...

Complex harmonic manifolds in mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for major depressive disorder

medRxiv July 8, 2026 Paulina Clara Dagnino, Anne Maj van der Velden, Yonatan Sanz Perl et al.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous mental disorder characterised by rumination. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is an evidence-based treatment developed to target rumination and recurrence risk. Ongoing studies have begun to identify neural changes associated with treatment effects. However, the low-dimensional organisation underlying whole-brain dynamics remains...

Divergent changes in perturbation-induced brain reconfiguration following depression treatment with psilocybin and escitalopram

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) June 26, 2026 Paulina Clara Dagnino, Irene Acero-Pousa, Robin Carhart-Harris et al.

Abstract A central challenge in neuroscience is understanding how the human brain is organised to support optimal functioning and adaptability. One approach to characterise complex brain dynamics is by artificially perturbing whole-brain models. Here, we asked whether whole-brain organisation under perturbation in major depressive disorder (MDD) changes after intervention with psilocybin and...

Changes in hierarchical brain dynamics of rumination following mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression

medRxiv June 23, 2026 Paulina Clara Dagnino, Anne Maj van der Velden, Henricus G. Ruhé et al.

Abstract Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide with risk of onset and recurrence linked to depressive ruminative thought patterns. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is an evidence-based treatment for depression that targets the ability to recognise, decenter, and disengage from ruminative thought patterns. Elucidating how MBCT impacts hierarchical...

Distinct brain responses to psilocybin and escitalopram in depression captured by the Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) June 16, 2026 Paulina Clara Dagnino, Irene Acero-Pousa, Gorka Zamora-López et al. 1 citation

Abstract In recent decades, the psychedelic psilocybin has been studied as a potential treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD), offering an alternative to traditional antidepressants. However, the brain changes underlying the clinical effects of different interventions remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of psilocybin and a conventional antidepressant, escitalopram, from the...

One operator to rule them all: Unifying connectome harmonics, turbulence and complex harmonics in brain dynamics

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) June 9, 2026 Morten L. Kringelbach, Gustavo Deco

Abstract Brain dynamics can be described in three different convenient mathematical languages, namely connectome harmonics, turbulence and complex harmonics (CHARM). Here we demonstrate that these theoretical frameworks can be rigorously unified, under the functional calculus, as one self-adjoint operator and its single spectral measure. The connectome Laplacian carries that measure; the...

Brain State Dynamics in Ketamine-Induced Dissociation Resemble Those in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science March 1, 2026 Noam Goldway, Taly Markovits, Naomi Fine et al. 1 citation

Dissociation, an altered state of consciousness in which individuals feel detached from their body, environment, and sense of self, is a common feature of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite its significance, the neurocognitive processes underlying dissociation remain poorly understood, potentially limiting diagnostic precision and treatment efficacy in PTSD. To address this gap, we...

Brain Dynamics of Classical Psychedelics Show Paradoxical Hierarchical Flattening With Increased Complexity

SSRN Electronic Journal 2026 Jakub Vohryzek, Elvira Garcia Guzman, Morten L. Kringelbach et al. 1 citation

Despite divergent behavioral and phenomenological profiles, both psychedelic states and reduced states of consciousness have been associated with a flattening of the brain's functional hierarchy. To address this apparent paradox, we developed a more specific definition of hierarchy based on the proximity of the brain to thermodynamic equilibrium and then applied it to investigate the changes to...

Thermodynamics of consciousness: A non-invasive perturbational framework

bioRxiv Preprint Server December 9, 2025 Tomas Berjaga-Buisan, Juan Manuel Monti, Martina Cortada et al. preprint

The quest for reliable and objective measures of consciousness is critical in basic and clinical neuroscience. Across species, the Perturbational Complexity Index (PCI) has emerged as a robust empirical marker by directly perturbing the brain, yet its underlying principles of physics are not fully understood. Here, we bridge this gap by introducing a non-invasive framework based on generative...

A Virtual Clinical Trial of Psychedelics to Treat Patients With Disorders of Consciousness

Advanced Science November 20, 2025 Paolo Cardone, Charlotte Martial, Yonatan Sanz Perl et al. 3 citations

Abstract Disorders of consciousness (DoC), including unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) and minimally conscious state (MCS), have limited treatment options and are characterized by low complexity of brain activity. Recent research suggests that psychedelic drugs, which enhance the complexity of brain activity, could offer promising therapies. Here, individualized whole‐brain computational...

Nonequilibrium physics of brain dynamics

Physics Reports October 24, 2025 Ramón Nartallo-Kaluarachchi, Morten L. Kringelbach, Gustavo Deco et al. 11 citations

Information processing in the brain is coordinated by the dynamic activity of neurons and neural populations at a range of spatiotemporal scales. These dynamics, captured in the form of electrophysiological recordings and neuroimaging, show evidence of time-irreversibility and broken detailed balance suggesting that the brain operates in a nonequilibrium stationary state. Furthermore, the level...

Disrupted hierarchical organization in disorders of consciousness revealed by fluctuation-dissipation deviations

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) October 3, 2025 Marian Martínez-Marín, Jakub Vohryzek, Anira Escrichs et al. 1 citation preprint

Abstract Evaluating consciousness levels after coma remains clinically challenging, and probing the brain’s functional hierarchy offers model-based biomarkers of brain states. We characterize the hierarchy loss in disorders of consciousness (DoC) via departures from non-equilibrium dynamics. Irreversible, directed interactions are indexed by deviation from the fluctuation– dissipation theorem...

Whole-Brain Models of Advanced Concentrative Absorption Meditation: Approaching Critical Dynamics through Jhāna

bioRxiv September 25, 2025 Jakub Vohryzek, Edmundo Lopez-Sola, Winson F.z. Yang et al. preprint

Advanced meditation offers a powerful lens for investigating consciousness and for understanding how sustained training may contribute to human flourishing. In the spirit of neurophenomenology, we combine first-person reports with model-free empirical analyses and formal whole-brain modeling to investigate the mechanisms underlying advanced meditative states and minimal phenomenal experience...

N,N-dimethyltryptamine effects on connectome harmonics, subjective experience and comparative psychedelic experiences.

Neuropsychopharmacology September 12, 2025 Jakub Vohryzek, Andrea I. Luppi, Selen Atasoy et al. 2 citations

Exploring the intricate relationship between brain's structure and function, and how this affects subjective experience is a fundamental pursuit in neuroscience. Psychedelic substances offer a unique insight into the influences of specific neurotransmitter systems on perception, cognition and consciousness. Specifically, their impact on brain function propagates across the structural connectome...

Perturbing whole‐brain models of brain hierarchy: An application for depression following pharmacological treatment

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences July 21, 2025 Marcel Socoró-garrigosa, Yonatan Sanz Perl, Morten L. Kringelbach et al. 3 citations

Abstract Determining the scale of neural representations is a central challenge in neuroscience. While localized representations have traditionally dominated, evidence suggests information is also encoded in distributed, hierarchical networks. Recent research indicates that the hierarchy of causal influences shaping functional patterns serves as a signature of distinct brain states, with...

Nonequilibrium brain dynamics elicited as the origin of perturbative complexity.

PLoS Computational Biology June 6, 2025 Wiep Stikvoort, Eider Pérez-Ordoyo, Iván Mindlin et al. 3 citations

Assessing someone's level of consciousness is a complex matter, and attempts have been made to aid clinicians in these assessments through metrics based on neuroimaging data. Many studies have empirically investigated measures related to the complexity elicited after the brain is stimulated to quantify the level of consciousness across different states. Here we hypothesized that the level of...

ENIGMA-Meditation: Worldwide Consortium for Neuroscientific Investigations of Meditation Practices.

Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging April 1, 2025 Saampras Ganesan, Fernando A Barrios, Ishaan Batta et al. 6 citations

Meditation is a family of ancient and contemporary contemplative mind-body practices that can modulate psychological processes, awareness, and mental states. Over the last 40 years, clinical science has manualized meditation practices and designed various meditation interventions that have shown therapeutic efficacy for disorders including depression, pain, addiction, and anxiety. Over the past...

Psychedelics Align Brain Activity with Context

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) March 11, 2025 Devon Stoliker, Leonardo Novelli, Moein Khajehnejad et al. 8 citations preprint

Abstract Psychedelics can profoundly alter consciousness by reorganising brain connectivity; however, their effects are contextsensitive. To understand how this reorganisation depends on the context, we collected and comprehensively analysed the largest psychedelic neuroimaging dataset to date. Sixty-two adults were scanned with functional MRI and EEG during rest and naturalistic stimuli...

Transient destabilization of whole brain dynamics induced by N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT).

Communications Biology March 11, 2025 Juan Ignacio Piccinini, Yonatan Sanz Perl, Carla Pallavicini et al. 6 citations

The transition towards the brain state induced by psychedelic drugs is frequently neglected in favor of a static description of their acute effects. We use a time-dependent whole-brain model to reproduce large-scale brain dynamics measured with fMRI from 15 volunteers under 20 mg intravenous N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), a short-acting psychedelic. To capture its transient effects, we...

LSD flattens the hierarchy of directed information flow in fast whole-brain dynamics.

Imaging Neurosci (Camb) January 3, 2025 Kenneth Shinozuka, Prejaas K.b. Tewarie, Andrea I. Luppi et al. 9 citations

Psychedelics are serotonergic drugs that profoundly alter consciousness, yet their neural mechanisms are not fully understood. A popular theory, RElaxed Beliefs Under pSychedelics (REBUS), posits that psychedelics flatten the hierarchy of information flow in the brain. Here, we investigate hierarchy based on the imbalance between sending and receiving brain signals, as determined by directed...

Long-term effects of psilocybin on dynamic and effectivity connectivity of fronto-striatal-thalamic circuits

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) November 7, 2024 Lorenzo Pasquini, Jakub Vohryzek, Anira Escrichs et al. 4 citations preprint

Abstract Psilocybin has been shown to induce fast and sustained improvements in mental well-being across various populations, yet its long-term mechanisms of action are not fully understood. Initial evidence suggests that longitudinal functional and structural brain changes implicate fronto-striatal-thalamic (FST) circuitry, a broad system involved in goal-directed behavior and motivational...

Whole brain modelling for simulating pharmacological interventions on patients with disorders of consciousness.

Communications Biology September 19, 2024 Iván Mindlin, Rubén Herzog, Laouen Belloli et al. 18 citations

Disorders of consciousness (DoC) represent a challenging and complex group of neurological conditions characterised by profound disturbances in consciousness. The current range of treatments for DoC is limited. This has sparked growing interest in developing new treatments, including the use of psychedelic drugs. Nevertheless, clinical investigations and the mechanisms behind them are...

Different hierarchical reconfigurations in the brain by psilocybin and escitalopram for depression

Nature Mental Health August 5, 2024 Gustavo Deco, Yonatan Sanz Perl, Samuel Johnson et al. 39 citations

Abstract Effective interventions for neuropsychiatric disorders may work by rebalancing the brain’s functional hierarchical organization. Here we directly investigated the effects of two different serotonergic pharmacological interventions on functional brain hierarchy in major depressive disorder in a two-arm double-blind phase II randomized controlled trial comparing psilocybin therapy (22...

Time-resolved coupling between connectome harmonics and subjective experience under the psychedelic DMT

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) May 31, 2024 Jakub Vohryzek, Selen Atasoy, Gustavo Deco et al. 8 citations preprint

Exploring the intricate relationship between brain's structure and function, and how this affects subjective experience is a fundamental pursuit in neuroscience. Psychedelic substances offer a unique insight into the influences of specific neurotransmitter systems on perception, cognition and consciousness. Specifically, their impact on brain function propagates across the structural...