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R Young

16 papers in the library · 198 citations · publishing 1980-2001

Papers

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PMMA-stimulus generalization to the optical isomers of MBDB and 3,4-DMA.

Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior 2001 J B Rangisetty, M L Bondarev, J Chang-Fong et al. 14 citations

Psychoactive phenylisopropylamines can produce one or more of several different stimulus effects in animals. These effects are typified by the hallucinogen 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOM), the central stimulant amphetamine, and by N-methyl-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane (PMMA), an agent whose actions are not yet well understood. The optical isomers of two...

Discriminative stimulus properties of alpha-ethyltryptamine optical isomers.

Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior 2001 S S Hong, R Young, Richard A Glennon

alpha-Ethyltryptamine (alpha-ET) possesses central stimulant and hallucinogenic activity. Also, in tests of stimulus generalization using rats trained to discriminate the controlled substance analog (i.e., designer drug) N-methyl-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane (MDMA) from vehicle, alpha-ET substituted for MDMA. These previous studies employed racemic alpha-ET. Because psychoactive...

Initial characterization of PMMA as a discriminative stimulus.

Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior 1997 Richard A Glennon, R Young, Małgorzata Dukat et al. 48 citations

The phenylisopropylamine PMMA or N-methyl-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane, a structural hybrid of paramethoxyamphetamine (PMA) and methamphetamine, has been previously shown to unexpectedly lack amphetamine-like or hallucinogen-like stimulus properties in animals. For example, in tests of stimulus generalization, neither a (+)amphetamine stimulus nor a DOM stimulus generalized to PMMA. It...

Further studies on N-methyl-1(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane as a discriminative stimulus: antagonism by 5-hydroxytryptamine3 antagonists.

Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior December 1992 R A Glennon, R Higgs, R Young et al.

Using a standard two-lever operant paradigm, male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to discriminate 1.5 mg/kg N-methyl-1(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2- aminopropane (MDMA) from saline using a variable-interval 15-s schedule of reinforcement for food reward. Tests of stimulus antagonism were conducted to further define the mechanism of action of MDMA as a discriminative stimulus. Low doses of the...

Further studies on the dose-dependent stimulus properties of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine.

Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior December 1, 1986 R Young, John A. Rosecrans, Richard A Glennon 10 citations

Twenty-two rats were trained to discriminate either 1.5 mg/kg of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-OMe DMT) from saline in a standard two-lever operant procedure. Once responding was stable, various doses of several serotonin (5-HT) antagonists, i.e., cyproheptadine (CYP), methysergide (UML), cinanserin (CIN), and methergoline (MCE), were administered in combination with 5-OMe DMT, to assess...

Further investigation of the discriminative stimulus properties of MDA.

Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior April 1984 R A Glennon, R Young

Rats trained to discriminate either (+)-amphetamine or (+/-)-MDA from saline in a two-lever drug discrimination task, were used to study the stimulus effects of MDA and its two optical isomers. Amphetamine-stimulus generalization occurred to S(+)-MDA, but not to its enantiomer R(-)-MDA. This, coupled with our earlier finding of DOM-stimulus generalization to R(-)-MDA but not to S(+)-MDA,...

1-(2,3-Methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane (2,3-MDA): a preliminary investigation.

General pharmacology 1984 R A Glennon, R Young, W Soine

Rats trained to discriminate saline from either (+)-amphetamine, (+/-)-DOM, or (+/-)-3,4-MDA in a two-lever drug discrimination paradigm were administered doses of a novel positional isomer of 3,4-MDA, i.e. 2,3-MDA. The novel isomer produced neither amphetamine-appropriate nor DOM-appropriate responding: the 3,4-MDA stimulus did, however, generalize to 2,3-MDA.

Behavioral effects of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine and dose-dependent antagonism by BC-105.

Psychopharmacology 1983 R Young, John A. Rosecrans, Richard A Glennon 25 citations

The discriminative effects of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-OMeDMT) were studied in rats trained to discriminate 1.5 mg/kg or 3.0 mg/kg 5-OMeDMT from saline. A series of antagonist and generalization tests revealed that (1) antagonism of the 5-OMeDMT stimulus response by the presumed serotonin antagonist BC-105 depended on the dose of 5-OMeDMT, (2) the 5-OMeDMT stimulus generalized to...

Comparison of behavioral properties of di- and tri-methoxyphenylisopropylamines.

Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior October 1982 Richard A Glennon, R Young

Prominent among the class of hallucinogenic phenylisopropylamines is the 2,5-dimethoxy substitution pattern; this pattern has long been recognized as being an important feature of the more potent agents within this class. The purpose of this present study was to explore the behavioral properties of a series of methoxylated phenylisopropylamines in order to determine the effect of other...

Comparative discriminative stimulus effects of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine and LSD.

Life Sciences June 14, 1982 R Young, John A. Rosecrans, Richard A Glennon 26 citations

Rats were trained to discriminate injections of either 5-OMe DMT (1.5 mg/kg) or LSD (0.096 mg/kg) from saline in a two-lever drug discrimination task. After stable discrimination performances were attained (greater than 85%) in each group, dose-response generalizations between the two groups of animals were examined. The results revealed that the 5-OMe DMT-stimulus response generalized to LSD...

Discriminative stimulus properties of DOM and several molecular modifications.

Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior April 1982 R A Glennon, R Young, J A Rosecrans

Rats trained to discriminate racemic 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenylisopropylamine, (+/-)-DOM (1.0 mg/kg), from saline in a two-lever drug discrimination task were challenged with the optimal isomers of DOM as well as with several related agents which represent minor molecular modifications of the DOM structure. Generalization of the (+/-)-DOM stimulus was found to occur to R(-)-DOM, S(+)-DOM,...

A comparison of the behavioral effects of DOM homologs.

Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior April 1982 R A Glennon, R Young, J A Rosecrans

Twenty-four rats, trained to discriminate 1.0 mg/kg of (+/-)-DOM, i.e. (+/-)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenylisopropylamine, from saline under a VI-15 schedule of reinforcement, were challenged with a series of DOM homologs. The agents examined included the 4-ethyl (DOET), -propyl (DOPR), -butyl (DOBU), -tertiary butyl (DOTB) and -amyl (DOAM) derivatives as well as the R(-)- and S(+)-isomers of...

Hallucinogens as discriminative stimuli: a comparison of 4-OMe DMT and 5-OMe DMT with their methythio counterparts.

Life Sciences February 1, 1982 Richard A Glennon, R Young, F Benington et al. 8 citations

Rats, trained to discriminate 1.5 mg/kg of the hallucinogenic agent 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-OMe DMT) from saline in a two-lever drug discrimination task, were challenged with various doses of the 4-methoxy, 4-methylthio and 5-methylthio derivatives of DMT. The 5-OMe DMT cue was found to generalize to all three of these agents; the order of potency is 5-OMe greater than 5-SMe greater...

Behavioral properties of psychoactive phenylisopropylamines in rats.

European Journal of Pharmacology December 17, 1981 Richard A Glennon, John A. Rosecrans, R Young 21 citations

Rats were trained to discriminate injections of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-OMe DMT, 3.0 mg/kg) a hallucinogenic agent for which a serotonergic mechanism has been implicated, from saline in a two-lever drug discrimination task. After reliable levels of accuracy (greater than or equal to 85%) were attained, the ability of the 5-OMe DMT cue to generalize to 36 substituted...

DOM and related 2,5-dimethoxy-4-alkylphenylisopropylamines: behavioral and serotonin receptor properties.

Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior March 1981 R A Glennon, D L Doot, R Young

Using an isolated rat fundus preparation, the 4-methyl (DOM), ethyl (DOET), propyl (DOPR) butyl (DOBU), tertiary butyl (DOTB) and amyl (DOAM) derivatives of 2,5-dimethoxy-phenylisopropylamine (2,5-DMA) were found to possess quite similar serotonin receptor affinities (pA2 - 7.02-7.22). The fundus preparation could not be used to determine pD2 values because all of the compounds were found to...

Hallucinogenic agents as discriminative stimuli: a correlation with serotonin receptor affinities.

Psychopharmacology 1980 Richard A Glennon, R Young, John A. Rosecrans et al. 46 citations

A choice between two levers in an operant chamber was used to train 24 rats, under a variable-interval 15 s schedule of sweetened milk reinforcement, to discriminate a hallucinogenic (psychotomimetic) agent, 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-OMe DMT), from saline administration. The 5-OMe DMT stimulus generalized in a dose-related manner to each of 14 tryptamine related analogs. With the...