Addiction
December 1, 2002
Jon C. Cole, Mike Bailey, Harry Sumnall et al.
149 citations
ABSTRACT Aims To examine the variation in the content of ecstasy tablets seized in the north‐west of England during 2001 and to compare it to the UK average from 1991 to 2001. Measurements All tablets submitted to the Forensic Science Service in the north‐west of England during 2001 were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC‐DAD). The mean MDMA...
The FASEB Journal
December 1, 2002
Bruce Ladenheim, Michael Mccoy, Jean Lud Cadet et al.
34 citations
ABSTRACT 3,4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) is a popular drug of abuse. MDMA is pharmacologically classified as an entactogen because of its affinities to classical hallucinogens and stimulants. Oral ingestion of a single dose of the drug is associated with euphoria, elevated self‐confidence, and heightened sensory awareness in humans. Evidence for neurotoxicity in the human...
Brain Research
November 22, 2002
Suzanne Colbron, Mark Jones, Stephany M Biello
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or 'Ecstasy') is a widely used recreational drug that damages serotonin 5-HT neurons in animals and possibly humans. Published literature has shown that the serotonergic system is involved in photic and non-photic phase shifting of the circadian clock, which is located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei. Despite the dense innervation of the circadian system by...
Archives of Toxicology
October 2002
Márcia Carvalho, Gabrielle Hawksworth, Nuno Milhazes et al.
The metabolism of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) has recently been implicated in the mechanisms underlying ecstasy-induced neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. However, its potential role in ecstasy-induced kidney toxicity has yet to be investigated. Thus, primary cultures of rat and human renal proximal tubular cells (PTCs) were used to investigate the cytotoxicity induced by...
Neuroscience Letters
September 27, 2002
Werner J Schmidt, Andreas Mayerhofer, Anja Meyer et al.
Parkinson's disease is due to a dopamine deficiency caused by the degeneration of midbrain dopamine neurons. Current therapies are aimed to substitute dopamine or to directly stimulate postsynaptic dopamine receptors. However, not all patients profit from current therapies to the same extent, even serious side effects such as dyskinesias are complicating the therapy. Therefore, there is still a...
Neuroscience Letters
September 27, 2002
Anja Meyer, Andreas Mayerhofer, Karl‐artur Kovar et al.
3,4-methylenedioxy-methylamphetamine (MDMA) ('Ecstasy') and its analogue 3,4-methylenedioxy-methylamphetamine (MDE) ('Eve') are well known illicit street drugs mainly abused by young people. In spite of the actual research going on, the classification of their abuse potential remains unclear. Since secondary reinforcers are the main factors responsible for craving and relapse, the aim of our...
Science
September 27, 2002
George A. Ricaurte, Jie Yuan, George Hatzidimitriou et al.
179 citations
Retracted
The prevailing view is that the popular recreational drug (±)3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, or “ecstasy”) is a selective serotonin neurotoxin in animals and possibly in humans. Nonhuman primates exposed to several sequential doses of MDMA, a regimen modeled after one used by humans, developed severe brain dopaminergic neurotoxicity, in addition to less pronounced serotonergic...
Synapse
September 5, 2002
Liesbeth Reneman, Jan Booij, Jan B. A. Habraken et al.
33 citations
Abstract Recent [ 123 I]β‐CIT single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) studies revealed decreased serotonin transporters (SERT) density in the brain of humans with a history of MDMA (“Ecstasy”) use. However, [ 123 I]β‐CIT SPECT has until now not been validated as a method for detecting such serotonergic lesions. Therefore, the present study was undertaken. Following baseline [ 123...
British Journal of Pharmacology
August 1, 2002
Daniela Braida, Mariaelvina Sala
64 citations
I.c.v. self‐administration of MDMA (0.01–2 μg per infusion), alone and in combination with CP 55,940 (0.4 μg infusion −1 ), was studied on an operant responding procedure. On the basis of individual preference for one of two levers, developed during training, rats were allowed to self‐administer vehicle from the preferred lever and MDMA from the other. Pressings on the MDMA associated‐lever,...
The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry
August 1, 2002
Samantha R. Gross, Sean P. Barrett, John S. Shestowsky et al.
97 citations
Objective: This study investigates the drug consumption patterns of a sample of rave attendees in the city of Montreal, Quebec, and seeks to identify the prevalence of 3,4-methylendioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and other drug use in this population. Method: We administered a self-report questionnaire to 210 respondents. For various licit and illicit substances, participants reported their age of...