Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
June 1, 2000
Euphrosyne Gouzoulis‐mayfrank
309 citations
The present data raise concern that use of ecstasy possibly in conjunction with cannabis may lead to cognitive decline in otherwise healthy young people. Although the nature of the emerging cognitive disturbance is not yet clear, an impairment of working memory might be the common denominator underlying or contributing to declines of performance in various tasks. The cognitive disturbance is...
Neuropsychopharmacology
May 1, 2000
Matthias E. Liechti, Christine Baumann, Alex Gamma et al.
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, “Ecstasy”) is a recreational drug that has been shown to release serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) in animals. The effect of MDMA on 5-HT release can be blocked by 5-HT uptake inhibitors such as citalopram, suggesting that MDMA interacts with the 5-HT uptake site. It is unknown whether this mechanism is also responsible for the psychological effects of...
Journal of Psychopharmacology
May 1, 2000
Matthias E. Liechti, Franz X. Vollenweider
144 citations
MDMA (3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) or ‘Ecstasy’ is a widely used recreational drug that produces a state of heightened mood but also cardiovascular and vegetative side-effects. In animals, MDMA releases serotonin and, to a lesser extent, dopamine and norepinephrine. The release of serotonin can be blocked by serotonin uptake inhibitors such as citalopram. It is unknown to what extent...
Synapse
April 27, 2000
Mahmoud M. Iravani, Daniel Asari, Jyoti C. Patel et al.
56 citations
We examined the effects of pressure ejected 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) from a micropipette on direct chemically stimulated release, and on electrically stimulated serotonin (5-HT) or dopamine (DA) release in the caudate putamen (CPu), nucleus accumbens (NAc), substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), and the dorsal raphé nucleus (DRN) brain slices of rat, using fast cyclic...
European Journal of Neuroscience
April 1, 2000
H. S. Fischer, Gerald Zernig, Dieter S. Schatz et al.
54 citations
Abstract The pharmacological basis of acute (±)‐MDMA (3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine) intoxication still awaits full characterization. According to present knowledge, MDMA enhances the release of serotonin and dopamine in striatal slices and interacts with different types of receptors such as 5‐HT 2 (5‐hydroxytryptamine or serotonin), M 1 and M 2 muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh), and histamine...
Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology
March 9, 2000
William Slikker Jr., Herbert H Schaumburg
Abstract The initial chemical synthesis of MDMA was in 1912 (33). The drug was originally prepared as an anorectic agent but was never marketed for this purpose. MDMA forms salts with several acids and, as such, is a white solid at room temperature. It is soluble in water and has a bitter taste (33 ). The ( + )-(S)-isomer and the (-)-(R)isomer exhibit somewhat different pharmacological and...
Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior
February 2000
Meritxell Barrionuevo, Norberto Aguirre, J D Del Río et al.
The serotonergic deficits induced by 3,4-methylenedioxyethamphetamine (MDEA, "eve"), were examined and compared with 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy"). A single dose of MDEA (10, 20, or 40 mg/kg IP) induced a dose-related hyperthermia, but only the highest dose significantly reduced 5-HT content and 5-HT transporter density in the frontal cortex and in the hippocampus 7 days...
Synapse
February 1, 2000
Bryan Horan, Eliot L. Gardner, Charles R. Ashby
50 citations
In this study, we measured conditioned place preference (CPP) responses to cocaine following subchronic administration of the recreationally abused drug (+/-)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy") in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were given either vehicle (1 ml/kg of distilled water, s.c.) or MDMA (20 mg/kg, s.c.) twice a day for 4 consecutive days. Two weeks later, CPP...
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
February 1, 2000
Rafael de la Torre, Magı́ Farré, Jordi Ortuño et al.
Aims 3,4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, commonly called ecstasy) is a synthetic compound increasingly popular as a recreational drug. Little is known about its pharmacology, including its metabolism and pharmacokinetics, in humans in controlled settings. A clinical trial was designed for the evaluation of MDMA pharmacological effects and pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. Methods A...
Neuroreport
2000
Alex Gamma, Edi Frei, Dietrich Lehmann et al.
81 citations
Resting EEG during open and closed eyes and subsequent mood ratings were obtained from 15 Ecstasy users and 14 Ecstasy-naive controls. Absolute spectral power on the scalp, and the three-dimensional, intracerebral distribution of neuroelectric activity using low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) were computed. LORETA revealed global increases of theta, alpha 1 and beta 2/3...