Neuroreport
August 7, 2024
Ping-Hong Lai, Rui-Yang Hu, Xin Huang
Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is a significant autoimmune eye disease known for causing exophthalmos and substantial optic nerve damage. Prior investigations have solely focused on static functional MRI (fMRI) scans of the brain in TAO patients, neglecting the assessment of temporal variations in local brain activity. This study aimed to characterize alterations in dynamic regional...
Neuroreport
February 7, 2024
Qiu-Yu Tang, Bing-Lin Huang, Xin Huang
Previous studies have recognized glaucoma as a neurodegenerative disease that causes extensive brain damage and is closely associated with cognitive function. In this study, we employed functional MRI to examine the intrinsic functional connectivity patterns of the default mode network (DMN) in patients diagnosed with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), exploring its association with...
Neuroreport
October 4, 2023
William D. S. Killgore, Samantha Jankowski, Kymberly Henderson-Arredondo et al.
19 citations
Insomnia is often accompanied by excessive pre-sleep rumination. Such ruminative thinking is also associated with increased connectivity of the default mode network (DMN). It is likely that DMN connectivity and associated rumination contribute to the pathogenesis of insomnia. We hypothesized that resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) between the DMN and other brain regions prior to...
Neuroreport
March 14, 2023
Wan Yun Chen, Yu Lin Zhong, Han Jin et al.
Objectives: Previous studies have demonstrated that diabetic retinopathy is associated with cognitive impairment. This study aimed to investigate the intrinsic functional connectivity pattern within the default mode network (DMN) and its associations with cognitive impairment in diabetic retinopathy patients using resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). Methods: A total of 34 diabetic...
Neuroreport
November 4, 2020
Yi-Yuan Tang, Pegah Askari, Changho Choi
Mindfulness meditation has become a promising intervention for promoting health and well-being. Neuroimaging studies have shown its beneficial effects on brain functional activity, connectivity, and structures following months to years of practice. A series of randomized controlled trials indicated that one form of mindfulness meditation, the integrative body-mind training (IBMT) induces brain...
Neuroreport
February 6, 2019
Pil-Jong Kim, H. Kim, T. Shin
Integration of neural information could be considered a crucial element in maintaining consciousness. Although consciousness is usually maintained during sedation, strictly speaking, the sedative state is different from consciousness. Nitrous oxide (N2O) has been used widely to sedate patients for dental procedures. However, its mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze...
Neuroreport
December 5, 2018
Diego B G Rodrigues, Shirley S Lacerda, Joana B Balardin et al.
Among several cognitive advantages, meditation is thought to enhance practitioners' capacity for sustained attention. In the present study, we explored this question by testing meditation practitioners (meditators) and nonpractitioners (nonmeditators) on a task that requires sustained attention, the Stroop Word-Color Task (SWCT), while using functional MRI. Participants were all right-handed...
Neuroreport
September 5, 2018
Jue He, Fan Liu, Qian Zu et al.
The underlying mechanism of atypical antipsychotics in treating cognitive impairment in schizophrenia is unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of quetiapine, an atypical antipsychotic drug, on object recognition memory and hippocampal oxidative stress in a phencyclidine (PCP) rat model of schizophrenia. Rats were treated with chronic quetiapine (10 mg/kg/day,...
Neuroreport
July 4, 2018
Wei Pan, Guang-Fen Zhang, Hui-Hui Li et al.
Depression is present in a large proportion of patients suffering from chronic pain, and yet the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Neuroligins (NLs), as a family of cell-adhesion proteins, are involved in synaptic formation and have been linked to various neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we studied the alterations in NL1 and NL2 in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), the anterior...
Neuroreport
June 13, 2018
Bin Lian, Jinjun Xia, Xun Yang et al.
In the present study, we used a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics method to evaluate the effects of ketamine on mice hippocampi. Multivariate statistical analysis and ingenuity pathway analysis were then used to identify and explore the potential mechanisms and biofunction of ketamine. Compared with the control (CON) group, 14 differential metabolites that involved amino...
Neuroreport
October 1, 2017
Norie Kawai, Manabu Honda, Emi Nishina et al.
Despite intensive studies on cerebral activity during trances involving tranquil arousal states, there are little data on physiological basis of naturally induced possession trances involving hyperarousal active states because of the difficulty of gathering data from participants within a natural cultural context in the field. We investigated the characteristics of electroencephalograms (EEGs)...
Neuroreport
September 28, 2016
Linda Nguyen, Brandon P Lucke-Wold, A. Logsdon et al.
Ketamine has been shown to produce rapid and robust antidepressant effects in depressed individuals; however, its abuse potential and adverse psychotomimetic effects limit its widespread use. Dextromethorphan (DM) may serve as a safer alternative on the basis of pharmacodynamic similarities to ketamine. In this proof-of-concept study, behavioral and biochemical analyses were carried out to...
Neuroreport
August 24, 2011
Shaowei Xue, Yi-Yuan Tang, Michael I Posner
Previous studies have found that short-term integrative body-mind training (IBMT) has positive effects on the brain structure and function in the anterior cingulate cortex. Here, we determined whether 11 h of IBMT alters topological properties of the anterior cingulate cortex in brain functional networks. We applied network analysis to resting-state functional connectivity between 90 cortical...
Neuroreport
March 1, 2009
Hiroki Murakami, Masahiro Matsunaga, Hideki Ohira
Metacognitive strategies of emotion regulation such as an objective perspective of one's self are known as primary factors in mindfulness intervention. Earlier studies, however, suggest that the effect of mindfulness differs because of the individual variability. In this study, we investigated the influence of the serotonin transporter gene polymorphism during the application of a metacognitive...
Neuroreport
January 28, 2009
Peter Vestergaard‐Poulsen, Martijn van Beek, Joshua Skewes et al.
Extensive practice involving sustained attention can lead to changes in brain structure. Here, we report evidence of structural differences in the lower brainstem of participants engaged in the long-term practice of meditation. Using magnetic resonance imaging, we observed higher gray matter density in lower brain stem regions of experienced meditators compared with age-matched nonmeditators....
Neuroreport
May 28, 2008
Robyn L. Bluhm, Elizabeth A. Osuch, Ruth A. Lanius et al.
229 citations
The 'default mode network' is a set of brain regions showing correlated, low-frequency activity during rest. It includes the posterior cingulate/precuneus, medial prefrontal cortex, and bilateral inferior parietal cortex. Earlier studies have characterized this network using either region of interest-based correlation analyses or data-driven techniques; however, there is some disagreement over...
Neuroreport
October 29, 2007
Narayanan Srinivasan, Shruti Baijal
The mismatch negativity (MMN) paradigm that is an indicator of preattentive processing was used to study the effects of concentrative meditation. Sudarshan Kriya Yoga meditation is a yogic exercise practiced in an ordered sequence beginning with breathing exercises, and ending with concentrative (Sahaj Samadhi) meditation. Auditory MMN waveforms were recorded at the beginning and after each of...
Neuroreport
May 7, 2007
Thorsten Barnhofer, Danielle S. Duggan, Catherine Crane et al.
This study investigated the effects of a meditation-based treatment for preventing relapse to depression, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), on prefrontal alpha-asymmetry in resting electroencephalogram (EEG), a biological indicator of affective style. Twenty-two individuals with a previous history of suicidal depression were randomly assigned to either MBCT (N=10) or...
Neuroreport
May 1, 2007
Paola Aceto, Elisabetta Congedo, Carlo Lai et al.
It is unclear whether shorter wave latencies of middle-latency-auditory-evoked-potentials may be associated to cognitive function other than nondeclarative memory. We investigated the presence of declarative, nondeclarative and dreaming memory in propofol-anaesthetized patients and any relationship to intraoperatively registered middle-latency-auditory-evoked-potentials. An audiotape containing...
Neuroreport
August 21, 2006
David W. Orme-Johnson, Robert H Schneider, Young D Son et al.
Some meditation techniques reduce pain, but there have been no studies on how meditation affects the brain's response to pain. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the response to thermally induced pain applied outside the meditation period found that long-term practitioners of the Transcendental Meditation technique showed 40-50% fewer voxels responding to pain in the thalamus and total...
Neuroreport
November 7, 2005
Sara W. Lazar, Catherine E. Kerr, Rachel H. Wasserman et al.
1,707 citations
Previous research indicates that long-term meditation practice is associated with altered resting electroencephalogram patterns, suggestive of long lasting changes in brain activity. We hypothesized that meditation practice might also be associated with changes in the brain's physical structure. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess cortical thickness in 20 participants with extensive...
Neuroreport
August 1, 2004
Olivia Carter, John D. Pettigrew, David C. Burr et al.
83 citations
The hallucinogenic serotonin(1A&2A) agonist psilocybin is known for its ability to induce illusions of motion in otherwise stationary objects or textured surfaces. This study investigated the effect of psilocybin on local and global motion processing in nine human volunteers. Using a forced choice direction of motion discrimination task we show that psilocybin selectively impairs coherence...
Neuroreport
October 1, 2003
Jörg Daumann, Ralph Schnitker, Jürgen Weidemann et al.
46 citations
Poor cognitive performance in ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine; MDMA) users has been related to the well-recognized neurotoxic effects of the drug upon central serotonergic and possibly also dopaminergic systems. However, concomitant use of other drugs has been a critical confound in most investigations. In this study we used an n-back task and fMRI to investigate working memory...
Neuroreport
June 11, 2003
Daniel S O'Leary, Robert I Block, Beth M Turner et al.
The effects of marijuana on brain perfusion and internal timing were assessed using [15O] water PET in occasional and chronic users. Twelve volunteers who smoked marijuana recreationally about once weekly, and 12 volunteers who smoked daily for a number of years performed a self-paced counting task during PET imaging, before and after smoking marijuana and placebo cigarettes. Smoking marijuana...
Neuroreport
November 16, 2001
Ros R Brett, F MacKenzie, Judith A Pratt
The effects of Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on neural activity in the rat were investigated using [14C]2-deoxyglucose autoradiography to measure local cerebral glucose use. Overall, THC reduced glucose use at 5 mg/kg and slightly increased it at 1 mg/kg. Significant reductions were seen at the higher dose in regions of the hippocampus and limbic system, and in structures associated with...