International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction
May 5, 2026
Cerina Dubois, Amrit Baral, Riana Durrett et al.
An emerging approach called California Sober (CS) has gained attention for promoting abstinence of all intoxicating substances except cannabis and potentially, psychedelics. Cannabis legalization and the expansion of cannabis products have introduced new complexities in addiction recovery, challenging traditional abstinence-based frameworks such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), which define...
Psychopharmacology
March 19, 2019
L. Sayson, Chrislean Jun Botanas, Raly James Perez Custodio et al.
RationaleDepressive syndrome or depression is a debilitating brain disorder affecting numerous people worldwide. Although readily available, current antidepressants have low remission rates and late onset times. Recently, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, like ketamine and methoxetamine (MXE), were found to elicit rapid antidepressant effects. As the search for...
Neuroreport
February 6, 2019
Pil-Jong Kim, H. Kim, T. Shin
Integration of neural information could be considered a crucial element in maintaining consciousness. Although consciousness is usually maintained during sedation, strictly speaking, the sedative state is different from consciousness. Nitrous oxide (N2O) has been used widely to sedate patients for dental procedures. However, its mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze...
Neuropharmacology
November 1, 2017
Chrislean Jun Botanas, June Bryan De la Peña, Raly James Perez Custodio et al.
Depression afflicts around 16% of the world's population, making it one of the leading causes of disease burden worldwide. Despite a number of antidepressants available today, the delayed onset time and low remission rate of these treatments are still a major challenge. The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine has shown to produce rapid and sustained antidepressant effects...
Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior
June 1, 2015
Chrislean Jun Botanas, J. B. de la Peña, I. J. D. Dela Peña et al.
Methoxetamine (MXE) is an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that is chemically and pharmacologically similar to ketamine. Recently, there have been many reports regarding its use/misuse in humans which have resulted in serious or even fatal outcomes. Despite these reports, MXE is not controlled or regulated in many countries which may be partly due to the lack of scientific...