Drug and Alcohol Dependence
September 1, 2001
Diana J Walker, James P Zacny
Within- and between-subject variability in the reinforcing and subjective effects of nitrous oxide (N(2)O) was studied across five sessions. Twelve volunteers with no history of drug dependence sampled 30% N(2)O and 100% oxygen for 10 min each, then chose nine times, once every 5 min, among N(2)O (e.g. "Agent A"), oxygen (e.g. "Agent B"), or "drug-free air." Choice varied across subjects but...
Drug and Alcohol Dependence
May 1, 2000
Michael H. Baumann, Richard B Rothman, S F Ali
15 citations
Ibogaine is a plant-derived alkaloid with putative 'anti-addictive' properties. Although ibogaine binds to multiple targets in the brain, recent evidence suggests the drug acts as an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist similar to MK-801. The purpose of the present study was to compare neurochemical and neuroendocrine effects of ibogaine and MK-801 in vivo. Male rats received either i.p....
Drug and Alcohol Dependence
May 1, 1999
Cory S. Freedland, Robert S. Mansbach
51 citations
Ayahuasca is a psychoactive plant mixture typically composed of the beta-carboline-rich Banisteriopsis caapi vine and the hallucinogenic plant Psychotria viridis. Ayahuasca has long been used by aboriginal populations for its putative spiritual and medicinal benefits. Although the presumed primary chemical constituents of ayahuasca have been identified, little is known about the basic in vivo...
Drug and Alcohol Dependence
January 7, 1999
Karl Jansen
127 citations
Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is generally described as non-addictive. However, this report describes three cases in which criteria for dependence were met. A wider understanding that MDMA can be addictive in rare cases is important as very heavy use may cause lasting neuronal changes. This risk could be reduced with effective identification and treatment of dependent persons. In one...
Drug and Alcohol Dependence
October 1, 1998
James P Zacny, V M Camarillo, P Sadeghi et al.
Ethanol and nitrous oxide (N2O) are sometimes used in combination by recreational drug users. The subjective effects of this drug combination have not been examined, and was the basis for the present study. The effects of both drugs were examined alone and in combination. Dependent measures included mood, cognitive/psychomotor performance, and pain reports. Volunteers (N = 11) first consumed a...
Drug and Alcohol Dependence
June 1, 1998
Gerard J. Marek, George K. Aghajanian
39 citations
The psychedelic hallucinogens are comprised of three different groups of compounds according to Ž . Ž . their chemical structure Fig. 1 : 1 the ergolines Ž which contain an indole moiety e.g. lysergic acid . Ž . diethylamide, LSD ; 2 simple indoleamine hallucinoŽ gens e.g. N,N-dimethyltryptamine, DMT and psilocy. bin which share an indoleamine structure with the Ž endogenous neurotransmitter...
Drug and Alcohol Dependence
November 25, 1997
James P Zacny, A M Cho, A Y Toledano et al.
The purpose of this study was to characterize the reinforcing, subjective, and psychomotor effects of nitrous oxide (N2O) in healthy volunteers who were given different amounts of information regarding the drugs they were being administered in the experiment. A choice procedure was used in which subjects first sampled a placebo and a given concentration of N2O and then chose between the two....
Drug and Alcohol Dependence
April 14, 1997
A M Cho, Dennis W. Coalson, P A Klock et al.
The purpose of this study was to characterize the reinforcing, subjective and psychomotor effects of nitrous oxide in healthy volunteers with different alcohol histories. Subjects were divided into two groups: light drinkers (n = 9) and moderate drinkers (n = 10). A choice procedure was used in which subjects first sampled placebo and a given concentration of nitrous oxide, and then chose...
Drug and Alcohol Dependence
November 1, 1996
James P Zacny, Jerome M Klafta, Dennis W. Coalson et al.
The reinforcing and subjective effects of brief (about 1.5 min) exposures to nitrous oxide, ranging from inspired concentrations of 20-80% in oxygen, were examined in 11 healthy volunteers. A choice procedure was used in which during each of four sessions, subjects first sampled a given concentration of nitrous oxide and placebo oxygen, and then chose between the two. 20, 40, 60 and 80% nitrous...
Drug and Alcohol Dependence
December 1, 1994
S Yajnik, P Thapar, J L Lichtor et al.
An experiment using marijuana users and non-users was conducted to assess whether the reinforcing, subjective, or psychomotor effects of nitrous oxide were influenced by a subject's drug history. Subjects in the first four sessions sampled 40% nitrous oxide in oxygen and 100% oxygen (placebo), and then over the next three sessions, chose which agent they wished to inhale. Choice distributions...
Drug and Alcohol Dependence
February 1, 1993
Cathleen S. Dohrn, J L Lichtor, Dennis W. Coalson et al.
The subjective, psychomotor and reinforcing effects of nitrous oxide at subanesthetic doses (30% and 40% in oxygen) were determined in normal healthy volunteers using a choice paradigm. Thirty percent nitrous oxide was chosen no more often than oxygen (41.6% choice rate), indicating that, for most of the subjects tested, extended inhalation of this nitrous oxide concentration was no more...
Drug and Alcohol Dependence
May 1, 1978
M Nozaki, D B Vaupel, L D Bright et al.
8 citations
3-Methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MMDA), which has been reported to have hallucinogenic actions in man, was compared to LSD in single dose, antagonist interaction, cross-tolerance and appetite suppression studie in the dog. In single doses, MMDA partially resembled LSD: both facilitated the flexor reflex and produced tachypnea, hyperthermia, and analgesia; however, MMDA had greater...
Drug and Alcohol Dependence
March 1, 1978
William R. Martin, D B Vaupel, M Nozaki et al.
22 citations
The effects of several indoleamines and phenethylamines were studied in the chronic spinal dog and compared with two standard drugs, LSD and amphetamine. In the nontolerant chronic spinal dog, their effects on a variety of physiologic and behavioral functions were measured in untreated dogs, as well as dogs treated with certain antagonists. The effects of the antagonists phenoxybenzamine and...