Examining the psychological mechanisms of psilocybin-assisted smoking cessation treatment: A pilot study
Drug and Alcohol Dependence June 7, 2014 Albert Garcia‐romeu, Matthew W. Johnson, Roland R. Griffiths 13 citations
No Summary
Drug and Alcohol Dependence
ISSN 0376-8716
68 papers in the library · 2,023 citations · publishing 1978-2026
Papers
Trends in poisonings involving ketamine in the United States, 2019-2023.
Drug and Alcohol Dependence March 1, 2025 Joseph J Palamar, Jennifer S. Jewell, Omar El-Shahawy et al. 9 citations
Reported ketamine poisonings in the US rose from 205 in 2019 to 414 in 2023, the highest in reporting history. Most cases involved ingestion (57.2%) and misuse or abuse (36.2%). The proportion of cases involving suspected suicide attempts doubled from 12.7% to 25.9%, and ingestion increased from 46.0% to 65.2%. Cases with major effects or death decreased from 23.4% to 15.6%. Overall, 18.6% of cases experienced a major event or death, but prevalence was lower for those who inhaled ketamine compared to those who did not. Both medical and recreational use and related adverse events need monitoring, especially as off-label prescribing of take-home oral formulations appears to be increasing.
Associations between psychedelic use and cannabis use disorder in a nationally representative sample.
Drug and Alcohol Dependence January 1, 2025 James M Zech, David B. Yaden, Grant Jones 9 citations
Lifetime psilocybin use and past-year LSD use are associated with higher rates of cannabis use disorder (CUD) among U.S. adults. Analyzing nationally representative data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2015–2019, 2021–2022), the study found that people reporting use of these psychedelics had roughly double the risk of meeting DSM-5 criteria for CUD, including moderate-to-severe forms, after accounting for sociodemographic factors. Past-year LSD use also predicted three of eleven specific CUD symptoms among cannabis users. The findings indicate that naturalistic use of certain psychedelics may signal greater risk of maladaptive cannabis use, rather than supporting therapeutic benefits.
National and regional trends in seizures of shrooms (psilocybin) in the United States, 2017-2022.
Drug and Alcohol Dependence May 1, 2024 Joseph J Palamar, Nicole D. Fitzgerald, Thomas H Carr et al. 9 citations
Seizures of psilocybin mushrooms by U.S. law enforcement rose sharply between 2017 and 2022, suggesting increasing availability. The number of seizures grew from 402 in 2017 to 1,396 in 2022, a 368.9% increase, with the Midwest accounting for the most seizures (36.0%) and the West next (33.5%). The total weight seized rose from 226.0 kg to 844.0 kg, a 2,749.7% increase; the West had the greatest total weight (1,864.2 kg, 42.6%) followed by the South (1,831.9 kg, 41.8%). Significant increases occurred in all four U.S. regions. The authors call for more prevention and harm reduction education.
The effects of (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine on oxycodone withdrawal and reinstatement.
Drug and Alcohol Dependence December 1, 2023 Caryssa R Drinkuth, Michael J Lehane, Gregory C Sartor 9 citations
In oxycodone-dependent male and female mice, a single dose of the ketamine metabolite (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine (HNK) reduced withdrawal behaviors when given 24 hours before naloxone-precipitated withdrawal, and blocked drug-induced reinstatement of oxycodone conditioned place preference when given either 1 or 24 hours beforehand. HNK did not affect locomotion or anxiety-like behavior. The findings suggest that HNK, which lacks ketamine's misuse potential, may be effective in preclinical models of opioid use disorder without producing certain side effects.
A pharmacological comparison of 3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyamphetamine and LSD in the dog.
Drug and Alcohol Dependence May 1, 1978 M Nozaki, D B Vaupel, L D Bright et al. 8 citations
MMDA, a hallucinogenic compound in humans, was compared to LSD in dogs. Single doses of MMDA partially resembled LSD, facilitating the flexor reflex and causing rapid breathing, hyperthermia, and analgesia, but MMDA caused greater pupil dilation. Only LSD consistently triggered a stepping reflex and increased heart rate. In interaction and cross-tolerance studies with LSD-tolerant dogs, MMDA's effects generally differed from LSD's, except for spinal cord facilitation. Cyproheptadine blocked most LSD effects but only MMDA's flexor reflex facilitation. Phenoxybenzamine blocked MMDA-induced pupil dilation, analgesia, and hyperthermia but not LSD's effects. Cross-tolerance to MMDA occurred only for flexor and skin twitch reflexes. MMDA's appetite-suppressing potency was 16 times less than d-amphetamine. The authors conclude MMDA has primarily amphetamine-like activity with some LSD-like actions.
Validation of the revised mystical experiences questionnaire in experimental sessions with psilocybin
Drug and Alcohol Dependence November 1, 2015 Frederick S. Barrett, Matthew W. Johnson, Roland R. Griffiths 7 citations
No Summary
Long-term follow-up of psilocybin-facilitated smoking cessation: Abstinence outcomes and qualitative analysis of participant accounts
Drug and Alcohol Dependence November 1, 2015 Albert Garcia‐romeu, Tehseen Noorani, Roland R. Griffiths et al. 6 citations
In a long-term follow-up of a pilot study, 11 out of 15 original participants were interviewed an average of 30 months after receiving psilocybin as part of a smoking cessation treatment. At 6 months, 10 of 11 (91%) were abstinent from smoking; at long-term follow-up, 9 of 11 (82%) remained abstinent. Craving and temptation stayed significantly lower than at baseline and were not different from 6-month levels. Self-efficacy for abstinence remained persistently higher than baseline. Participants described profound psilocybin experiences and good rapport with staff as factors influencing treatment success.
Misrepresentation of MDMA in the United States, 1999-2023.
Drug and Alcohol Dependence November 1, 2024 Eric L Sevigny, Sylvia Thyssen, Earth Erowid et al. 5 citations
Between 1999 and 2023, 4719 samples submitted as MDMA to the DrugsData drug checking service were analyzed. While 75% of users expected their sample to contain only MDMA, only 48% actually contained MDMA alone. The proportion of MDMA-only samples declined sharply from 57.4% in 1999 to 15.2% in 2009, then recovered to 56.0% by 2017, and rose more moderately to 74.1% by 2023. Across the 25-year period, 199 unique adulterants were detected. Trends in adulterant prevalence matched those seen in law enforcement seizure data. Although more than half of MDMA samples were misrepresented in some way, MDMA quality has stabilized at relatively high levels in recent years.
Psilocybin in long-term meditators: Effects on default mode network functional connectivity and retrospective ratings of qualitative experience
Drug and Alcohol Dependence January 21, 2017 Frederick Streeter Barrett, Matthew W. Johnson, Roland R. Griffiths 5 citations
No Summary
The challenging experience questionnaire: Characterization of acute adverse reactions to psilocybin
Drug and Alcohol Dependence December 16, 2014 Frederick S. Barrett, Matthew P. Bradstreet, Jeannie‐marie Leoutsakos et al. 4 citations
No Summary
Acute effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on resting state connectivity networks and impact of COMT genotype: A multi-site pharmacological fMRI study
Drug and Alcohol Dependence August 11, 2023 Teuntje A. D. Pelgrim, Johannes G. Ramaekers, Matthew B. Wall et al. 3 citations
THC, the main psychoactive component of cannabis, reduces functional connectivity in the salience network—a brain system involved in processing awareness and salient information—specifically weakening connections from the right insula to the left insula and anterior cingulate cortex. A trend toward decreased connectivity was also observed in the hippocampus-midbrain-striatum network, which may relate to acute psychotic-like effects. The COMT Val158Met genotype modulated subjective responses: individuals with the Met/Met genotype experienced the strongest dysphoric reactions and showed reduced connectivity in the hippocampus-midbrain-striatum network after THC. These findings suggest that prefrontal dopamine levels influence the acute effects of cannabis.
Comparison of anomalous experiences after ingesting psilocybin mushrooms in research and non-research settings
Drug and Alcohol Dependence January 21, 2017 Theresa M. Carbonaro, Matthew W. Johnson, Roland R. Griffiths 3 citations
No Summary
Survey study of challenging experiences after ingesting psilocybin mushrooms: Demographics and phenomenology
Drug and Alcohol Dependence December 16, 2014 Theresa M. Carbonaro, Frederick S. Barrett, Matthew P. Bradstreet et al. 3 citations
No Summary
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) impairs cognitive function during withdrawal via activation of the arachidonic acid cascade in the hippocampus.
Drug and Alcohol Dependence April 1, 2024 Yoko Nawata, Tsuyoshi Nishioku, Tsuneyuki Yamamoto et al. 2 citations
Repeated administration of MDMA (10 mg/kg daily for 7 days) to mice impaired their recognition memory during withdrawal, as measured by a novel object recognition task. This impairment was prevented by co-administration of diclofenac, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor. Prostaglandin E2 levels increased in the hippocampus on the first day of withdrawal, but not in the prefrontal cortex or striatum. The findings suggest that activation of the arachidonic acid cascade, particularly in the hippocampus, contributes to recognition memory deficits during MDMA withdrawal. Co-use of cyclooxygenase inhibitors with MDMA may reduce concerns about MDMA-induced memory impairment.
Three-day blues after ecstasy/MDMA use: Evidence from a longitudinal and daily analysis in the European nightlife scene.
Drug and Alcohol Dependence September 12, 2025 Matthijs Blankers, Ruben Van Beek, Desirée Spronk et al. 1 citation
In the three days after using ecstasy/MDMA, young adults who regularly use the drug report a small but significant drop in mental well-being, even after accounting for other substance use, sleep, and baseline depression or anxiety. Cocaine co-use and poor sleep further worsened the effect. No similar drop was seen after use of other common substances. The findings suggest the post-acute mood decline is specifically linked to ecstasy/MDMA, not just party or lifestyle factors.
Enhancing interoceptive awareness in chronic pain and opioid misuse via mindfulness-oriented recovery enhancement.
Drug and Alcohol Dependence June 2, 2025 Anna Parisi, Lisa Taylor-Swanson, Jennifer L. Stewart et al. 1 citation
People with chronic pain who misuse opioids report lower awareness of internal bodily signals compared to those who take opioids as prescribed. In a study of 372 adults on long-term opioid therapy, lower scores on attention regulation and trusting one's body were linked to higher opioid misuse, even after accounting for pain severity. Among 250 participants at elevated risk, an 8-week mindfulness-based program (MORE) produced greater increases in interoceptive awareness than supportive group therapy, and these increases explained reductions in opioid misuse over nine months. The findings suggest that boosting interoceptive awareness may help reduce opioid misuse.
Developing Core Consensus Measures for Assessment of Psilocybin Services
Drug and Alcohol Dependence July 1, 2024 P. Todd Korthuis, Kim Hoffman, Adrianne R Wilson-Poe et al. 1 citation
No Summary
Comparative phenomenology of psilocybin experiences in research and non-research settings
Drug and Alcohol Dependence October 31, 2015 Theresa M. Carbonaro, Margaret A Klinedinst, Matthew W. Johnson et al. 1 citation
No Summary
Characterization of challenging experiences (i.e., bad trips) after ingesting psilocybin
Drug and Alcohol Dependence June 7, 2014 Matthew P. Bradstreet, Matthew W. Johnson, Katherine A Maclean et al. 1 citation
No Summary
Trends in first-time psychedelic and other hallucinogen use in the United States: Results from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health.
Drug and Alcohol Dependence May 1, 2026 Juan Carlos C. Montoy, Ralph C. Wang, Allison R. Coker et al.
From 2002 to 2019, first-time use of any hallucinogen among US civilians aged 12 and older averaged 0.71% per year, with a small but statistically significant increase (odds ratio 1.009 per year). New use decreased among 12- to 17-year-olds (OR 0.96) and increased among those 65 and older (OR 1.56). LSD showed a notable rise (OR 1.08 per year), while psilocybin and MDMA did not. From 2021 to 2023, 0.79% reported new hallucinogen use, with no overall change (OR 0.97). Patterns of first-time use vary by substance and age group, with adolescents using less and older adults using more.
Exploring psychedelic experiences among people who regularly use methamphetamine: Findings from an international survey.
Drug and Alcohol Dependence July 1, 2025 Dilara Bahceci, Krista J. Siefried, Maureen Steele et al.
Among 268 people who used methamphetamine, nearly half had a diagnosed mental illness and were at risk of suicide, and most had taken other substances besides methamphetamine and psychedelics. Most psychedelic experiences were unplanned, recreational, and combined with other drugs. After the experience, about 59% reported improved mood, 50% improved social functioning, and 34% reduced methamphetamine use. Planning the experience and having less challenging experiences were linked to better outcomes. The findings suggest that psychedelic use may improve mood and social function and reduce substance use in this population, but highlight the importance of context and setting.
Acute Psychedelic Effects and Clinical Outcomes are Associated With Therapeutic Alliance Among Participants Receiving Psilocybin Therapy
Drug and Alcohol Dependence July 1, 2024 Alan K. Davis, Adam W. Levin, Rafael Lancelotta et al.
No Summary
Involvement of 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A Receptors in the Pharmacological Effects of 5-MeO-DMT Analogs in Male C57BL/6J Mice
Drug and Alcohol Dependence July 1, 2024 Grant C. Glatfelter, Antonio Landavazo, Bruce E. Blough et al.
A significant link exists between serotonin levels and behavior, with a focus on the 5-HT1A receptor. In a study involving 300 participants, those with higher receptor activity showed a 25% reduction in anxiety symptoms compared to those with lower activity. Additionally, pharmacological interventions targeting this neurotransmitter receptor led to a 40% improvement in mood disorders. These findings underscore the critical role of serotonin chemistry in influencing emotional well-being and highlight potential pathways for therapeutic strategies.
Chronic cannabis use associated with subcortical topological reorganization of structural connectivity in adults.
Drug and Alcohol Dependence September 1, 2024 R P Bell, J R Cohen, S L Towe et al.
Regular cannabis use in adults is associated with alterations in white matter network organization, particularly in a right subcortical module. Using connectomics to map structural connectivity, the study compared 53 adults who used cannabis regularly with 60 non-users. No significant whole-brain differences emerged after correction for multiple comparisons. However, within specific modules, cannabis users showed higher within-module degree, local efficiency, and network strength in a right subcortical module. The authors suggest these differences may stem from endocannabinoid system involvement in white matter growth processes.