The chronological events associated with cannabis utilization are viewed perceptively as matters/issues that happened from the period “before Christ” (BC) or “anno domini” (AD, “in the year of our Lord”) to the present time. Cannabis is one of the oldest natural products known to humanity worldwide and has been used by various civilizations, cultures, and religions before the birth of Christ....
Abstract Twelve secondary amines representing structural analogues of the classic NBOMe category of novel psychoactive substances were prepared and evaluated in GC-EI-MS and vapor phase GC–IR studies. These compounds all contain the methylenedioxy group fused with the aromatic ring of the phenethyl moiety in the classic NBOMe chemical framework. One subseries of analogues, the three...
Abstract The substituted phenethylamine analogues in this study are derivatives of N-(2-methoxybenzyl)-4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (25B-NBOMe) having the reverse substitution pattern for the two aromatic rings. These compounds contain only a single methoxy substituent in the phenethylamine part, and a bromodimethoxy substitution pattern in the benzyl portion. The regioisomers were...
The halogenated derivatives of N-(2-methoxy)benzyl-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (25-NBOMe) such as the 4-bromo analogue (25B-NBOMe) represent a new class of hallucinogenic or psychedelic drugs. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the electron-donating groups (halogen and dimethoxy) in the pathway of decomposition for the distonic molecular radical cation in the electron...
Abstract The common NBOMe drugs of abuse, N-(2-methoxybenzyl)-4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (25I-NBOMe) and N-(2-methoxybenzyl)-4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (25B-NBOMe), can be differentiated from their corresponding 3- and 4-methoxybenzyl isomers by gas chromatography with vapor phase infrared spectroscopy. The mass spectra for these regioisomeric compounds are essentially...
Life SciencesSeptember 15, 2018Mohammed Majrashi, Mohammed Almaghrabi, Maali Fadan et al.
Designer drugs are synthetically formulated to mimic the psychostimulatory effects of an original controlled/illegal drug of abuse. Designer drugs have similar chemical structure or functional analog as compared to existing controlled psychostimulatory drugs. There is a substantial rise in the production and use of designer drugs globally. Piperazine designer drugs were synthesized as an...
Benzylpiperazine has been designated as Schedule I substance under the Controlled Substances Act by Drug Enforcement Administration. Benzylpiperazine is a piperazine derivative, elevates both dopamine and serotonin extracellular levels producing stimulatory and hallucinogenic effects, respectively, similar to methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). However, the comparative neurotoxic effects of...
Designer drugs are synthetic structural analogues/congeners of controlled substances with slightly modified chemical structures intended to mimic the pharmacological effects of known drugs of abuse so as to evade drug classification. Benzylpiperazine (BZP), a piperazine derivative, elevates synaptic dopamine and serotonin levels producing stimulatory and hallucinogenic effects, respectively,...
Life SciencesApril 17, 2014Senthilkumar S Karuppagounder, Dwipayan Bhattacharya, Manuj Ahuja et al.
There is a rapid increase in the use of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and its structural congeners/analogs globally. MDMA and MDMA-analogs have been synthesized illegally in furtive dwellings and are abused due to its addictive potential. Furthermore, MDMA and MDMA-analogs have shown to have induced several adverse effects. Hence, understanding the mechanisms mediating this neurotoxic...
The effects of 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (Nexus), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl-2-butanamine (BDB), and cathinone were studied in the newly hatched chicken and compared to the effects of d-amphetamine and three hallucinogens in the same species. Cathinone, a psychomotor stimulant in man (6), produced effects that were qualitatively similar to effects...