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Lee Fergusson

29 papers in the library · 31 citations · publishing 1993-2026

Papers

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A Comparative Study of Health, School Performance and Wellbeing in Perúvian School Children and Adolescents Who Meditate

Current Issues in Education March 27, 2026 Lee Fergusson, Javier Ortiz Cabrejos, Anna Bonshek

Our prior research with indigenous school children and adolescents in Perú, often in remote high-altitude Andean locations, mostly centres on an exploration of health and school performance and their relation to the practice of Transcendental Meditation, an easy-to-learn technique for mental and physiological rest and stress reduction. We have established that higher levels of health and school...

DOI: 10.14507/cie.vol26iss1.2281 (opens in new tab) Full text (opens in new tab) Health School performance Peru Transcendental meditation +1

A quasi-experimental mixed methods study of self-esteem and sense of self in Peruvian primary school students who meditate

International Journal of Adolescence and Youth January 29, 2026 Lee Fergusson, Javier Ortiz Cabrejos, Anna Bonshek

Self-esteem and a strong sense of self are reliable predictors of health and longevity. Transcendental Meditation develops both self-esteem and an empowered sense of self. Our research program in Peru has focused on quantitative and qualitative variables in students, teachers, parents, orphans and carers, and other mostly indigenous people. However, it has yet to investigate self-esteem or...

DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2026.2623351 (opens in new tab) Sense electronics Multimethodology Sense of community Psychology of self +5

The Peruvian Miracle

2026 Lee Fergusson, Javier Ortiz Cabrejos, Anna Bonshek

The term ‘Peruvian miracle’ is not ours and we are not the first to use it. Indeed, many authoritative observers have referred to Peru’s remarkable socio-economic recovery and transformation after 1995 as a miracle. However, uniquely, this book explores the antecedents of this phenomenon by tracing its origin to a 1983 visit to Lima by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, founder of the Transcendental...

Consciousness and the Environment: Maharishi Technologies of Consciousness and the Incidence of U.S. Landfalling Hurricanes, 1851–2021

Journal of Scientific Exploration December 18, 2025 Kenneth L. Cavanaugh, Lee Fergusson

The purpose of this preliminary study is to explore whether application of consciousness-based procedures whose stated purpose is to influence the natural and social environment, referred to as Maharishi Technologies of Consciousness (MTC), can positively affect weather phenomena. The theoretical framework underlying these procedures is based on a field-theoretic view of consciousness derived...

DOI: 10.31275/20253535 (opens in new tab) Group cohesiveness Level of consciousness Incidence geometry Persistent vegetative state +2

Quantification of the Global Maharishi Effect: A Quasi-Experimental Study of the Three Most Violent Countries in the World

Journal of Maharishi Vedic Research Institute November 1, 2025 Kenneth L. Cavanaugh, Lee Fergusson

In the last 30 years, the most prevalent and deadly form of armed conflict in the world has been violent conflict within states. However, the continued prevalence of so-called ‘intrastate’ collective violence indicates standard approaches to the prevention of collective violence—such as mediation, negotiated settlements and peacekeeping operations—have often provided little more than temporary...

Peruvian Upper Primary School Children Who Learn Transcendental Meditation: A Quasi-Experimental Study of Personal Wellbeing

Revista Internacional de Educación Emocional y Bienestar August 14, 2025 Lee Fergusson, Javier Ortiz Cabrejos, Anna Bonshek

El bienestar personal mide la satisfacción individual con la vida, abarcando salud mental y física, resistencia y calidad de vida. Como parte de un programa de investigación pandémico en Perú, estos autores previamente demostraron que la Meditación Trascendental incrementó el bienestar en 49 niñas huérfanas un 33%. Ahora estudiamos niños de primaria superior. Mediante un diseño...

Stress, Coping, and Transcendental Meditation: A Proto-Theoretical Model and Pilot Study of Indigenous Peruvian Students in Home Isolation During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Journal of Latinos & Education February 2, 2025 Lee Fergusson, Javier Ortiz Cabrejos, Anna Bonshek

ABSTRACT Adverse impacts on children in home isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic have been documented. These impacts include increased loneliness, anxiety, depression, posttraumatic disorder, and heightened risk of psychiatric illness. The present study introduces a proto-theoretical model of stress, psychophysiology, and coping to explain this phenomenon. A focus of the research is on...

Mental Health and Meditation in a Post-Pandemic Perú: A Normative Study of Upper Primary School Children

Revista Interamericana de Psicología/Interamerican Journal of Psychology September 9, 2024 Lee Fergusson, Javier Ortiz Cabrejos, Anna Bonshek

In a post-pandemic Perú, problems associated with the mental health of children have been highlighted and effective methods of intervention have been discussed. This study sought to examine: 1) current levels of depression, anxiety, and stress in Perúvian school children; 2) how these levels compare to other children in Latin America and elsewhere; 3) whether these levels are different when...

Test de Autoevaluación de Meditación Transcendental: a psychometric study of Peruvian school children and adolescents

Revista Innova Educación July 1, 2024 Lee Fergusson, M. Rainforth, Javier Ortiz Cabrejos et al.

The specific, as well as holistic, effects of practicing the Transcendental Meditation technique have been thoroughly documented. Findings associated with the practice have included a range of physiological, psychological and sociological benefits, but have also encompassed measures of general health, well-being and human development. However, few if any indigenous test instruments have been...

Published Research on the Maharishi Effect by Type and Level

Journal of Maharishi Vedic Research Institute May 1, 2024 David W. Orme-Johnson, Lee Fergusson

This list of 92 scientific papers and books documents the Maharishi Effect—the effect of individuals or groups practicing the Transcendental Meditation and/or TM-Sidhi program on conflict-related variables and other social and economic indicators. Thirty-eight research papers have been published in peer-reviewed journals or professional conference proceedings. An additional 18 papers have been...

Health of Indigenous Orphans and Carers in Perú: A Mixed Methods Case Study of Hogar de Niñas Virgen de Fatima

Journal of Contemplative and Holistic Education 2024 Lee Fergusson, Javier Ortiz Cabrejos, Anna Bonshek et al.

The COVID-19 pandemic dealt a devastating blow to the social fabric of Perú, with the highest orphans per death (OPD) ratio of any country in Latin America. Therefore, 260,000 orphans now require care because of 216,000 parent, custodial grandparent, and caregiver deaths between 2020 and 2022. The purpose of this research is to examine whether the practice of Transcendental Meditation, an...

Living Standards, Transcendental Meditation and the Perúvian Miracle: A 41-Year Study of Social and Economic Factors

World Journal of Social Science November 13, 2023 Lee Fergusson, Javier Ortiz Cabrejos, Anna Bonshek

More than 60 well-controlled empirical studies since 1974 have indicated there is a statistically observable causal link between the number of people who practice the Transcendental Meditation technique and the state of order, harmony and prosperity in a city, region, country or the world. Such a phenomenon is based on the level of brainwave coherence generated by the practice and the effect...

The Group Effect of Transcendental Meditation on Peruvian Students in Home Isolation During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Journal of Maharishi Vedic Research Institute July 1, 2023 Lee Fergusson, Javier Ortiz Cabrejos, Anna Bonshek

Approximately 2,000 indigenous students at Institución Educativa Privada Prescott in Puno, located in the Andes high on the Altiplano of Lake Titicaca, have been instructed in the Transcendental Meditation technique since 1996. In this study, we examine the impact of home isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic on physical, cognitive, and emotional health, and school performance for a group of...

A Case Study of Peruvian Students in Home Isolation During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Journal of Maharishi Vedic Research Institute July 1, 2023 Lee Fergusson

Most of the literature that has emerged about the impacts of home isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic suggests it causes mildly to acutely adverse psychosocial and physiological responses, particularly in children. Such responses relate to the separation children experience from their normal routine, including loneliness, anxiety, and depression, and adversities associated with school...

Accounts of home isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic: Case of Peruvian indigenous students

Revista Innova Educación October 5, 2022 Lee Fergusson, Javier Ortíz, Anna Bonshek 4 citations

Most of the literature that has emerged about the impacts of home isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic suggests it causes mildly to acutely adverse psychosocial and physiological responses, particularly in children. Such responses relate to the separation children experience from their normal routine, including loneliness, anxiety, and depression, and adversities associated with school...

Health and school performance during home isolation at Institución Educativa Privada Prescott in Puno, Perú

Tapuya March 15, 2022 Lee Fergusson, Javier Ortiz Cabrejos, Anna Bonshek

Approximately 2000 indigenous students at Institución Educativa Privada Prescott in Puno, located in the Andes high on the Altiplano of Lake Titicaca, have been instructed in Transcendental Meditation. In this study, we examine the impact of home isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic on physical, cognitive, and emotional health, and school performance for a group of 54 meditating students, and...

Práctica de meditación por alumnos de primaria y secundaria en Perú: un estudio confirmatorio de salud y desempeño escolar

Revista Innova Educación November 9, 2021 Lee Fergusson, Javier Ortíz, Anna Bonshek 5 citations

Schools in Perú have not typically been the sites of research on meditation or its possible role in student health or primary and secondary education outcomes. This retrospective observational study seeks to begin redressing this evidentiary shortfall by confirming results from an earlier, smaller-scale study of 91 students in Huay-Huay, with a specific focus on the practice of Transcendental...

Health and School Performance: A n Explorato ry Quantitative Study of S chool Children in Huay Huay , Peru

Educación September 28, 2021 Lee Fergusson, Javier Ortiz Cabrejos, Anna Bonshek

A paucity of data in school children generally, and in non-Western schools specifically, related to health, school performance, and practice of meditation necessitated this study. The fact that almost no prior research of this type has been conducted in Latin America makes the present investigation especially worthwhile. This mostly quantitative study was carried out with 91 randomly selected...

DOI: 10.18800/educacion.202102.004 (opens in new tab) Full text (opens in new tab) Peru Health School performance Transcendental meditation

Long-term practice of the Transcendental Meditation technique in Puno, Perú: A five-level exploratory model of theory and research

Journal of Maharishi Vedic Research Institute April 1, 2021 Lee Fergusson, Javier Ortiz Cabrejos, Anna Bonshek

Practice of the Transcendental Meditation technique has been well-documented in the published literature since the 1970s. However, the significance of the practice in South America generally and Perú specifically has been unrecorded, except for the recently published study on parent and teacher perceptions of Aymara children who meditate in Puno, despite its widespread use in schools,...

Aymara Childrens’ Practice of Transcendental Meditation in Perú: A Learning History Model of Parent and Teacher Perceptions

Journal of Latinos & Education March 19, 2021 Lee Fergusson, Javier Ortiz Cabrejos, Anna Bonshek

ABSTRACT Practice of the Transcendental Meditation technique in schools and universities throughout the world has been well researched over a 50-year period suggesting it is a useful tool for student development and learning. However, introduction of the practice into school systems throughout Latin America is a relatively recent phenomenon and no research has been published on the likely or...

The Foundations of Maharishi's Science of Creative Intelligence—Chapter Seven: The Seventh State of Consciousness, Unity Consciousness

Journal of Maharishi Vedic Research Institute January 12, 2021 G. Wells, Lee Fergusson, Anna Bonshek

We now come to the last step in our journey of the ‘pathless path’, described in Maharishi’s great teaching of the seven states of consciousness. In the sixth state of consciousness, as we have seen in the previous chapter, pure consciousness, the Self, continues to be lived as a permanent reality throughout all the relative states of consciousness, as it has been ever since the onset of Cosmic...

The Foundations of Maharishi's Science of Creative Intelligence—Chapter Eight: Maharishi's Science of Creative Intelligence as a science

Journal of Maharishi Vedic Research Institute January 12, 2021 G. Wells, Lee Fergusson, Anna Bonshek

Maharishi has always presented his teaching as a science. Our approach to it has therefore been framed from the outset in scientific terms. In Chapter One we noted that all the descriptions Maharishi gives of the field of pure intelligence are validated and made meaningful by direct experience through his Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program. It is just the possibility of this...

The Foundations of Maharishi's Science of Creative Intelligence—Chapter Six: The Sixth State of Consciousness, Refined Cosmic Consciousness

Journal of Maharishi Vedic Research Institute September 1, 2020 Geoffrey A. Wells, Lee Fergusson, Anna Bonshek

We come now to the final steps in Maharishi’s supreme vision of the possibilities open to human life: the sixth and seventh states of consciousness. Here, Maharishi teaches, is found the pinnacle of human development, the state of glorified life that the human mind and body are designed to live, which, through his simple technologies of consciousness, is open to anyone. Maharishi’s published...

The Foundations of Maharishi's Science of Creative Intelligence—Chapter Five: Living Cosmic Consciousness, a Life of Complete Fulfilment

Journal of Maharishi Vedic Research Institute September 1, 2020 Geoffrey A. Wells, Lee Fergusson, Anna Bonshek

In this chapter, we will explore further the relationship between action, impression, and desire and consider their relation to living Cosmic Consciousness. Such considerations illuminate the nature of ignorance as well as the nature of enlightenment and the means by which the former is transformed into the latter. Action, impression, and desire were constant themes of Maharishi’s teaching in...

The Foundations of Maharishi's Science of Creative Intelligence—Chapter Four: The Fifth State of Consciousness, Cosmic Consciousness

Journal of Maharishi Vedic Research Institute September 1, 2020 Geoffrey A. Wells, Lee Fergusson, Anna Bonshek

We have emphasised Maharishi’s description of Transcendental Meditation as a technique. In this context, we have described some of the remarkable and beneficial changes it brings to both mind and body during the period of practice. Maharishi also, however, speaks of his. Transcendental Meditation program. This refers to the fact that Transcendental Meditation is practiced twice a day, in the...