Abstract This article examines the significance of what Edmund Husserl calls “the paradox of human subjectivity” for the metaphysical realism‐idealism debate in transcendental phenomenology. I distinguish two plausible interpretations of the paradox that are relevant to this debate. I term the first a vicious circle of mutual dependence: the world is characterized as being ontologically...
At the turn of the 20th century, several philosophical movements emerged with a shared ambition: to develop a theory of knowledge that takes seriously the idea that we can access the world as it is in itself . These movements opposed reducing knowledge to psychological processes, subjective impressions, or pragmatic considerations. Instead, they sought to ground cognition in the very things the...
The Theological Turn in Phenomenology, as represented in works by Chrétien, Levinas, Ricoeur, Marion, Henry, Falque, Lacoste, and others, is not a formal philosophical movement, but a collective set of insights into how revelation and phenomena interrelate. It has made a significant contribution to phenomenological reflection and has accomplished not only a further opening into how Scriptural...
“Perception is governed by norms that I call perceptual , that is, immanent to its own structure”—so argues Maxime Doyon in his excellent new book, Phenomenology and the Norms of Perception (Doyon 2024, p. xv). Eschewing a more traditional emphasis on narrowly epistemic standards, Doyon builds on the insights of Husserl and Merleau-Ponty, arguing that “perception has its own standards, its own...
The hard problem asks why physical processes are accompanied by experience. This paper develops a calibration audit for a prior evidential question: whether observations identify a psychophysical correspondence. Reference-relative hypotheses are separated from conventional relabellings. Finite reconstruction results characterize bridge ambiguity, and joint channel transformations show why...
This chapter aims to reconstruct the autonomous phenomenological theory that Patočka subtly articulates in his 1931 dissertation The Concept of Evidence and Its Significance for Noetics . This proposal is based on two fundamental elements: the first consists of a non-transcendental phenomenological consciousness, which is finite because its temporality derives from a duration more original than...
The article attempts to analyze the “reversal of consciousness” as a moment of “experience”, which is connected with determining the status of object in Hegel’s philosophy. The author aims to demonstrate that attention to this theme helps to clarify the foundations of the evolution of Hegel’s ideas about the nature and composition of the system of philosophy. The analysis of the “reversal of...
Current neuroscientific paradigms primarily rely on emergentism to explain subjective qualitative experience (qualia), positing that consciousness arises organically from complex neural architecture. Despite extensive mapping of neural correlates, the "Hard Problem of Consciousness" remains unresolved, failing to explain how physical matter generates subjective awareness. The Fundamental...
This paper presents a recursive-ontological critique of David Chalmers' hard problem of consciousness, the philosophical zombie argument, and the ontological privilege granted to subjectivity. Centered on the state-update equation S_n = f(S_{n-1}, W_n), it deconstructs the first-person privilege, symmetrically reviews zombie and "philosophical God" arguments, and proposes seven core principles...
Command auditory verbal hallucinations (CAVH) are a subtype of auditory hallucinations perceived as instructing the hearer to perform specific actions, carrying an elevated risk of harm due to potential compliance with harmful behaviours. Despite the risk, the prevalence, clinical associations and content of CAVH in first episode psychosis (FEP) remain largely underexplored, leaving important...