In Indian religious traditions, the attainment of death with full conscious awareness has long been idealized, reflecting the deep ontological connection posited between death and liberation (mokṣa). Within this framework, Jainism—grounded in a rigorous soul–matter dualism—developed highly systematized practices that aim to separate consciousness from both the body and karma not only at the...
Schopenhauer offers ‘nature is not divine but demonic’ as a direct rebuttal of Spinoza's pantheism, his identification of ‘nature’ with ‘God’. And so, one would think, he ought to have been immune to the ‘Spinozism’ that became, as Heine called it, ‘the unofficial religion’ of the age. In fact, I argue, Schopenhauer's Spinozism is at least as deep as that of any of his contemporaries: his debt...
This paper investigates how Spinoza provides a theory, consistent with his panpsychism, to account for our ability to recognize human mentality in others. It first focuses on cases that imply a failure of recognition—such as when Spinoza claims that sceptics must be regarded as “lacking a mind” (TIE.48), or when he mentions suicide victims, children, fools, and madmen as individuals whose minds...
Öz. Geleneksel olarak bir bireyin bireyliğini kazanması belli bir sosyo-kültürel çevreye doğmuş bebeğin dil gelişimine paralel olarak bilincinin ve zihninin doğadan ayrışmaya başlamasıyla mümkün olduğu düşünülmüştür. Bu süreç teknik terimlerle ifade edilirse bilinç öncesinden subjektif bilince, subjektiften ise objektif bilince, oradan refleksif bilince ve onun da ötesine ahlaki normatif...
Abstract Enactivism is undergoing a metaphysical shift. In pursuit of a more open-ended account of organismic becoming, several theorists have turned to the “affirmationist” ontologies of Gilbert Simondon and Gilles Deleuze. These frameworks conceive becoming as a non-teleological process in which identities emerge as contingent actualizations of pre-individual fields. In this paper, I argue...
Abstract Mind-wandering (MW), the shift of attention away from an ongoing task, can be classified as either deliberate or spontaneous, depending on whether these internal thoughts arise intentionally or unintentionally. Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging-based resting state studies have shown that spontaneous MW traits are positively correlated with coupling within the default mode...
With the increasing competition in elite sports, pre-competition anxiety has become increasingly prevalent among high-level competitive athletes, and high levels of such anxiety may impair sports performance and threaten athletes' psychological health. Traditional psychological interventions (e.g., cognitive-behavioral therapy) are often poorly accepted and costly; however, pre-competition...
Background and Study Aim. Stress-related psychological and physiological strain represents a relevant concern in populations exposed to sustained domestic and caregiving demands. Yoga-based relaxation practices, including Mind Sound Resonance Technique (MSRT), have been applied in clinical and non-clinical contexts to support stress regulation in everyday life. Although such approaches are...
J. L. Moreno had an enormous influence on the development of both humanistic psychology and transpersonal psychology. As early as 1918, he was led to the development of psychodrama by his ideas and philosophy, his intuitive, insightful understanding of human nature, his investigation of the social structures of groups and community, and his spiritual beliefs. Moreno’s creative ideas had a...
Cognition, sentience, intelligence, awareness, and mind are often treated as distinct phenomena that emerge only at higher levels of biological organization, typically associated with nervous systems or human cognition. However, empirical research increasingly demonstrates learning, memory, adaptive behavior, and goal-directed regulation across a wide range of living systems, including single...