This article examines the concept of the brain (mastiṣka) within the Indian intellectual tradition, tracing its development from the magico-religious medicine of the Atharvaveda (c. 1200–900 BCE) through the classical Āyurvedic texts—the Suśrutasaṃhitā, the Caraksaṃhitā, the Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayasaṃhitā, and the relatively neglected Bhelasaṃhitā—to the subtle-body physiology of Haṭha Yoga literature....
While Western theology typically locates omniscience in a personal Creator-God, Indian philosophy presents a notable spectrum. This article traces the dialectical arc of omniscience (sarvajñāna) across major Indian philosophical traditions, arguing that what appears as an epistemological question—“who knows everything?”—is ultimately an ontological puzzle about the nature of consciousness...
This article examines the theoretical and practical frameworks surrounding liminal states of consciousness—specifically lucid dreaming and out-of-body experiences (OBEs)—within Indian religious and philosophical traditions. Through a comparative analysis of Vedāntic, Yogic, Buddhist, and Jain systems, the article argues that these states are not merely anomalous psychological events but...
In Indian religious traditions, the attainment of death with full conscious awareness has long been idealized, reflecting the deep ontological connection posited between death and liberation (mokṣa). Within this framework, Jainism—grounded in a rigorous soul–matter dualism—developed highly systematized practices that aim to separate consciousness from both the body and karma not only at the...