Pharmacopsychiatry
November 1, 2005
Euphrosyne Gouzoulis‐mayfrank, Karsten Heekeren, Anna Neukirch et al.
198 citations
INTRODUCTION: Pharmacological challenges with hallucinogens are used as models for psychosis in experimental research. The state induced by glutamate antagonists such as phencyclidine (PCP) is often considered as a more appropriate model of psychosis than the state induced by serotonergic hallucinogens such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT)....
Pharmacopsychiatry
September 1, 2005
Michael Schönenberg, Ursula Reichwald
1 citation
The NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine produces transient dissociative and psychotic states in healthy humans that resemble symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Thus, symptoms induced by severe stress or ketamine might both be related to altered glutamatergic neurotransmission. Since ketamine is used as an analgesic and sedative in emergency care, it might be one factor exacerbating...
Molecular Psychiatry
September 1, 2005
P Seeman, F Ko, T Tallerico
Although phencyclidine and ketamine are used to model a hypoglutamate theory of schizophrenia, their selectivity for NMDA receptors has been questioned. To determine the affinities of phencyclidine, ketamine, dizocilpine and LSD for the functional high-affinity state of the dopamine D2 receptor, D2High, their dissociation constants (Ki) were obtained on [3H]domperidone binding to human cloned...
Archives of General Psychiatry
September 1, 2005
John H. Krystal, Edward Perry, Ralitza Gueorguieva et al.
323 citations
BACKGROUND: In healthy individuals, ketamine hydrochloride and amphetamine sulfate produce cognitive, behavioral, and subjective effects resembling endogenous psychoses. Studying the comparative and interactive effects of these agents may provide insights into the roles of the glutamate and monoamine systems in psychosis and cognition. OBJECTIVES: To directly compare the effects of ketamine and...
Pharmacopsychiatry
September 1, 2005
Euphrosyne Gouzoulis‐mayfrank, Anna Neukirch, Karsten Heekeren
2 citations
Pharmacological challenges with hallucinogens are used as models for psychosis in experimental research. The state induced by glutamate antagonists such as phencyclidine (PCP) is often considered as a more appropriate model of psychosis than the state induced by serotonergic hallucinogens such as lysergic acid (LSD), psilocybin and dimethyltryptamine (DMT). However, so far, this question has...
Anesthesia & Analgesia
July 12, 2005
Sabine Himmelseher, Marcel E. Durieux
305 citations
UNLABELLED: We evaluated reports of randomized clinical trials in the perioperative and intensive care setting concerning ketamine's effects on the brain in patients with, or at risk for, neurological injury. We also reviewed other studies in humans on the drug's effects on the brain, and reports that examined ketamine in experimental brain injury. In the clinical setting, level II evidence...
Anesthesiology
June 27, 2005
Vincent Joly, Philippe Richebé, B. Guignard et al.
624 citations
BACKGROUND: Remifentanil-induced secondary hyperalgesia has been documented experimentally in both animals and healthy human volunteers, but never clinically. This study tested the hypotheses that increased pain sensitivity assessed by periincisional allodynia and hyperalgesia can occur after relatively large-dose intraoperative remifentanil and that small-dose ketamine prevents this...
Journal of Neuroscience
January 12, 2005
Mark J. Hunt, Karima Kessal, Rene Garcia
Noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists, such as ketamine, induce a transient schizophrenia-like state in healthy individuals and exacerbate psychosis in schizophrenic patients. In rodents, noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists induce a behavioral syndrome that represents an experimentally valid model of schizophrenia. Current experimental evidence has implicated the nucleus accumbens in...
Schizophrenia Research
January 1, 2005
Georg Northoff, Andre Richter, Felix Bermpohl et al.
Based on animal data, NMDA receptor hypofunction has been suggested as a model for positive symptoms in schizophrenia. NMDA receptor hypofunction affects several corticolimbic brain regions, of which the posterior cingulate seems to be the most sensitive. However, empirical support for a crucial role of posterior cingulate NMDA hypofunction in the pathophysiology of positive symptoms is still...
Substance Use & Misuse
2005
Stephen E Lankenau, Michael C Clatts
Polydrug use is an important public health issue since it has been linked to significant adverse health outcomes. Recently, club drugs, including ketamine and other drugs used in dance/rave scenes, have been identified as key substances in new types of polydrug using patterns. While seemingly a self-explanatory concept, "polydrug" use constitutes multiple drug using practices that may impact...