Intravenous ketamine is used for treatment-resistant depression, with structured guidelines supporting its use, but requires careful patient monitoring due to potential side effects and variable efficacy.
Anxiety and stress-related disorders affect over 280 million individuals worldwide and remain inadequately treated by current pharmacotherapies, which are often limited in efficacy and tolerability. Ketamine produces rapid therapeutic effects in mood and anxiety disorders, but its clinical use is constrained by dissociative side effects and abuse liability. Ketamine metabolites, particularly (2...
Frontiers in PsychiatryJuly 9, 2026Patrice A. Bellanti, Jordan Lewis, Brian Seifferth et al.
Introduction Intravenous (IV) ketamine and intranasal esketamine are NMDA receptor antagonists used for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Both have demonstrated efficacy in controlled trials, but observational evidence from real-world community settings is limited. Methods We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study of adults aged 18 to 65 receiving induction therapy for TRD...
Background Substance use disorders (SUDs) and treatment-resistant depression (TRD) remain a major global health challenge, marked by high relapse rates and limited long-term effectiveness of existing treatments. Ketamine, a glutamatergic modulator with rapid neuroplastic effects, has emerged as a novel intervention for TRD and is increasingly investigated as an adjunctive treatment for...
Background: Postoperative depressive symptoms may impair recovery and quality of life in patients undergoing breast cancer surgery. Esketamine has shown potential antidepressant and analgesic effects in the perioperative setting. This meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of perioperative esketamine for postoperative depressive symptoms in patients undergoing breast cancer surgery....
A man in his 30s developed progressive multisystem organ dysfunction following 15 years of heavy recreational ketamine use. Complications included ketamine cystitis, cholangiopathy, obstructive uropathy, cardiomyopathy and mood disorder. This case illustrates chronic ketamine misuse as a cumulative multisystem toxicity.
The serotonin 1B receptor can be studied in vivo with PET using [^11C]AZ10419369, and has been linked to both the pathophysiology and treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Ketamine and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) both exert rapid and potent antidepressive effects, and although these treatments may not act directly on the serotonin system, they both cause dose-dependent increases in...
Research SquareJuly 7, 2026Rabya Mughal, Elaine Ryan-McNeill, Barbara Mezes et al.
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Abstract Background Despite legitimate, evidence-based use in clinical settings, an increase in ketamine misuse has in recent years resulted in substantial adverse effects on young populations across the UK. Urological symptoms and psychological effects are among the most common side effects, often irreversible and taking place within months of regular ketamine use. The Northwest UK includes...
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Introduction: While the rapid and robust effects of ketamine on depressive symptoms in treatment-resistant depression (TRD) have been demonstrated, the influence of ketamine treatment on cognitive function has not yet been fully elucidated. We aimed to evaluate the effects of ketamine treatment on cognitive function as part of a study that investigated the efficacy of repeated ketamine...
Background and Purpose: Schizophrenia is a chronic, debilitating psychiatric disorder affecting many young adult populations worldwide. Evidence from studies of central changes in the oxidative defense system suggests the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Jobelyn® (JB) is a commercial polyherbal formulation that has been documented to show beneficial...
BACKGROUND: Longer-term outcome and safety data of repeated subcutaneous racemic ketamine for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is lacking, as is knowledge of the impact of prior ketamine treatment on subsequent response. AIMS: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a 4-week course of subcutaneous racemic ketamine over 6 months and investigate whether prior ketamine treatment influences...
BACKGROUND: Neurotic disorders - major depressive disorder (MDD), panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and specific phobia - have differing pharmaceutical profiles. But all, even when resistant to conventional treatment (TR), respond quickly to low dose (0.5-1.0 mg/kg I.M.) ketamine....
Open Minds International JournalJuly 6, 2026Juliana Leite Haubman, João Octávio Celante da Silva, Bruno Horta Leonardo Machado de Moura et al.
Intravenous esketamine represents a significant therapeutic innovation in the field of psychiatry, particularly in the management of treatment-resistant depression and severe psychiatric conditions associated with suicidal ideation.Derived from the S-enantiomer of ketamine, esketamine acts primarily as an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, promoting rapid glutamatergic modulation...
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) remains a major clinical challenge, with highly variable responses to ketamine. Immune activation characterizes a subset of patients with TRD. The kynurenine pathway (KP), which integrates immunometabolic signals with glutamatergic neurotransmission, may provide candidate biomarkers to inform personalized treatment. We investigated whether KP metabolites and...
Ketamine is a fast-acting intervention for treatment-resistant depression (TRD), yet only a subset of patients show robust clinical response, and the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. High-order interactions (HOI) derived from multivariate information theory provide a framework for examining nonlinear dependencies among brain regions beyond pairwise connectivity. One such metric, the...
Annals of medicineJuly 3, 2026Zheping Chen, Yaozhu Wang, Peilin Cong et al.
Patients undergoing acoustic neuroma (AN) surgery often experience postoperative negative emotions, including anxiety, depression, and immune function suppression. This trial evaluated whether perioperative sub-anesthetic esketamine improves early postoperative negative emotions and immune function. In this single-center, double-blind, randomized trial, 84 patients scheduled for AN surgery were...
Background: Ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic, is widely used in experimental schizophrenia models due to its ability to mimic psychotic symptoms through N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonism. Despite its utility, concerns remain regarding its potential systemic toxicity, particularly in the liver and kidneys. Method: This study investigated the dose- and time-dependent hepatotoxic...
Depression involves dysregulation across distributed cortico-limbic circuits, and ketamine is notable for its rapid antidepressant effects. Although depression and ketamine treatment have been linked to altered brain network topology, how within-frequency and cross-frequency coupling are jointly reorganized at the brain-wide level remains unclear. Here, we developed a frequency-varying...