Background and Purpose: Alterations in the cholinergic-inflammatory pathway are believed to play a role in the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, a common neuropsychiatric condition characterised by altered perceptions of reality and impairments in learning and memory. In this study, we examined the preventive and reversal effects of syringic acid (SA), a naturally occurring phenolic...
Background: Jobelyn® (JB) is a polyherbal formulation with proven benefits on psychosis, a psychiatric disorder, validated in dopamine-agonist models. However, its effect in ketamine, a glutamate antagonist, is linked to schizophrenia's pathology due to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor hypofunction, which remains largely unknown. Hence, this study investigates the antipsychotic effectsof JB...
Background and Purpose: Schizophrenia is a chronic, debilitating psychiatric disorder affecting many young adult populations worldwide. Evidence from studies of central changes in the oxidative defense system suggests the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Jobelyn® (JB) is a commercial polyherbal formulation that has been documented to show beneficial...
Schizophrenia is a serious neuropsychiatric disorder marked by oxidative stress, immune system changes, and neurochemical imbalances. Current treatments are constrained by inconsistent effectiveness and side effects. This study evaluates the neuroprotective effects of sabinene, a monoterpene, in a mouse model of ketamine-induced schizophrenia. Male mice received ketamine (20 mg/kg/day, i.p.)...
Imbalances in redox and neuroinflammation are believed to play a role in the complex causes of schizophrenia, a widespread mental disorder characterized by abnormal behaviour. In this regard, we investigated the effects of geraniol, a natural compound with various medicinal uses, on ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like behaviour, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in mice. We conducted three...
Neurochemical dysregulations resulting from N-methyl-D-aspartate hypofunction (NMDA), are exacerbated by neuroimmune and oxidative stress and are known risk factors for neuropsychiatric disorders like schizophrenia-like diseases. Here, we investigate the protective and curative effects, and mechanisms of silymarin, a polyphenolic flavonoid with neuroprotective functions in preventive-reversal...
A decrease in the levels of antioxidant arsenals exacerbate generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, leading to neurochemical dysfunction, with significant impact on the pathogenesis of psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. This study examined the preventive and reversal effects of diosgenin, a phyto-steroidal saponin with antioxidant functions in mice treated with ketamine which...
There is much excitement surrounding recent research of promising, mechanistically novel psychotherapeutics - psychedelic, anesthetic, and dissociative agents - as they have demonstrated surprising efficacy in treating central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as mood disorders and addiction. However, the mechanisms by which these drugs provide such profound psychological benefits are still...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Persistent ketamine insults to the central nervous system block NMDA receptors and disrupt putative neurotransmission, oxido-nitrosative, and inflammatory pathways, resulting in schizophrenia-like symptoms in animals. Previously, the ethnomedicinal benefits of Carpolobia lutea against insomnia, migraine headache, and insanity has been documented, but the...
Currently, prevailing evidence have identified cholinergic and oxidative pathways as important therapeutic targets for abating ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like behavior. Thus, this study evaluated the ability of hesperidin, a naturally occurring antioxidant and neuroprotective flavonoid, to prevent and reverse ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like behaviors and changes in cholinergic,...