Anesthesiology
September 30, 2010
Pierre Boveroux, Audrey Vanhaudenhuyse, Marie-Aurélie Bruno et al.
645 citations
BACKGROUND: Mechanisms of anesthesia-induced loss of consciousness remain poorly understood. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging allows investigating whole-brain connectivity changes during pharmacological modulation of the level of consciousness. METHODS: Low-frequency spontaneous blood oxygen level-dependent fluctuations were measured in 19 healthy volunteers during...
Anesthesiology
August 6, 2010
Edward F. Domino, David S. Warner
517 citations
Pharmacologic actions of CI-581, a chemical derivative of phencyclidine, were determined in 20 volunteers from a prison population. The results indicate that this drug is an effective analgesic and anesthetic agent in doses of 1.0 to 2.0 mg per kilogram. With intravenous administration the onset of action is within 1 min and the effects last for about 5 to 10 min, depending on dosage level and...
Anesthesiology
September 1, 2009
Kate Leslie, Jamie Sleigh, Michael J Paech et al.
Dream recall is reportedly more common after propofol than after volatile anesthesia, but this may be due to delayed emergence or more amnesia after longer-acting volatiles. The electroencephalographic signs of dreaming during anesthesia and the differences between propofol and desflurane also are unknown. The authors therefore compared dream recall after propofol- or desflurane-maintained...
Anesthesiology
July 25, 2006
Stuart R. Hameroff
130 citations
THE mechanism by which general anesthetics prevent consciousness remains unknown largely because the mechanism by which brain physiology produces consciousness is unexplained. But the two mysteries seem to share a critical feature—both consciousness and actions of anesthetic gases are mediated through extremely weak London forces (a type of van der Waals force) acting in hydrophobic pockets...
Anesthesiology
June 27, 2005
Vincent Joly, Philippe Richebé, B. Guignard et al.
624 citations
BACKGROUND: Remifentanil-induced secondary hyperalgesia has been documented experimentally in both animals and healthy human volunteers, but never clinically. This study tested the hypotheses that increased pain sensitivity assessed by periincisional allodynia and hyperalgesia can occur after relatively large-dose intraoperative remifentanil and that small-dose ketamine prevents this...
Anesthesiology
1998
Andrew t. Bowdle, Allen d. Radant, Deborah s. Cowley et al.
371 citations
Background Ketamine has been associated with a unique spectrum of subjective "psychedelic" effects in patients emerging from anesthesia. This study quantified these effects of ketamine and related them to steady-state plasma concentrations. Methods Ketamine or saline was administered in a single-blinded crossover protocol to 10 psychiatrically healthy volunteers using computer-assisted...
Anesthesiology
November 1, 1997
J L Galinkin, D Janiszewski, C J Young et al.
Sevoflurane is a volatile general anesthetic that differs in chemical nature from the gaseous anesthetic nitrous oxide. In a controlled laboratory setting, the authors characterized the subjective, psychomotor, and analgesic effects of sevoflurane and nitrous oxide at two equal minimum alveolar subanesthetic concentrations. A crossover design was used to test the effects of two end-tidal...
Anesthesiology
October 1, 1992
N A Bergman
Michael Faraday (1791-1867) was a protégé of Humphry Davy. He became one of Davy's successors as Professor of Chemistry at the Royal Institution of Great Britain. Of Faraday's many brilliant discoveries in chemistry and physics, probably the best remembered today is his work on electromagnetic induction. Faraday's contribution to introduction of anesthesia was his published announcement in 1818...
Anesthesiology
July 1, 1991
Jean-Marc Malinovsky, A. Cozian, Jean-Yves Lepage et al.
244 citations
Ketamine and midazolam can produce analgesia following intrathecal administration in rabbits. However, neurotoxicity studies are required before these agents can be considered safe for clinical use. The aim of this study was to evaluate by histologic and blood-brain barrier (BBB) studies whether ketamine or midazolam could be used as an alternative to local anesthetics or opioids to produce...
Anesthesiology
August 1988
D W Davis, A M Mans, J F Biebuyck et al.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different doses of ketamine on cerebral function at the level of individual brain structures as reflected by glucose use. Rats received either 5 or 30 mg/kg ketamine intravenously as a loading dose, followed by an infusion to maintain a steady-state level of the drug. An additional group received 30 mg/kg as a single injection only, and...