Aim: Estimate the cost-per-remitter with esketamine nasal spray plus an oral antidepressant (ESK NS + OAD) versus quetiapine extended release plus an oral antidepressant (QTP XR + OAD) among adults with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Materials & methods: An Excel-based model was developed to estimate the cost-per-remitter for ESK NS + OAD and QTP XR + OAD from the perspective of a US...
Ketamine, an NMDA receptor (NMDA-R) antagonist, produces psychotomimetic effects when administered in sub-anesthetic dosages. While previous research suggests that Ketamine alters the excitation/inhibition (E/I)-balance in cortical microcircuits, the precise neural mechanisms by which Ketamine produces these effects are not well understood. We analyzed resting-state MEG data from n = 12...
Abstract Background Opioid abstinence induces persistent emotional disturbances and widespread neuroplastic changes, in areas of the brain including the hippocampus. Although ketamine and its metabolite ( 2R,6R )-hydroxynorketamine (HNK) show potential in reversing opioid abstinence-related deficits in rodents, the molecular mechanisms underlying their efficacy remain poorly understood. Methods...
Esketamine is increasingly used to induce general anesthesia in pediatric populations. However, its neurological effects on healthy individuals-especially during early developmental stages-remain a topic of ongoing debate. In particular, concerns persist regarding its impact on the developing brain at extreme ages. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects have not yet been...
Neurotoxicity ResearchJune 7, 2025Felype Valentim Duarte Castelhano, Carolina Aparecida de Faria Almeida, Giulia de Assis Braz et al.3 citations
Ketamine is an anesthetic drug that has been illegally used due to its hallucinogenic effects. Its use is often concomitant with drugs such as ethanol, which can cause irreversible damage to the central nervous system. This study investigates the neurotoxicity of ketamine-ethanol combination in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line, exploring the mechanisms preceding cell death. Cell viability,...
The rates of relapse and suicide risk are higher in treatment-resistant depression (TRD) vs non-treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. Even among patients with TRD who initially respond, the majority (70%) relapse within 6 months. To evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of esketamine nasal spray, combined with an oral antidepressant, in patients with TRD. Phase 3, open-label,...
The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist ketamine has found broad application in the field of psychiatry. Due to its rapid antidepressant and anti-suicidal properties, it is used as a treatment for major depressive disorder. Furthermore, ketamine evokes dissociative and psychotropic states, which allows the modeling of schizophrenic symptoms. The thalamus, a main target for ketamine's...
We previously completed a double-blind randomised crossover study assessing intramuscular ketamine for treatment-resistant depression (TR-D), post-traumatic stress disorder (TR-PTSD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (TR-OCD). Here, we report an extension study to explore the ongoing benefits and tolerability of maintenance oral ketamine. All participants from the original study were eligible...
Stress is widely recognized as a major environmental factor contributing to the development of mood disorders. In patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and suicidal behavior, significant hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is observed, characterized by excessive cortisol release, which in turn stimulates the production of pro-inflammatory mediators....
Gamma-band and single-unit neural activity in primary motor cortex are involved in the control of movement. This activity is disrupted in Parkinson's disease (PD) and levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID), a debilitating consequence of dopamine replacement therapy for PD. Physiological features of LID include pathological narrowband gamma oscillations, finely tuned gamma and altered primary motor...
Despite affecting millions worldwide, major depressive disorder (MDD) remains a therapeutic challenge, with approximately one-third of patients failing to respond to standard treatments. The need for innovative, molecularly driven therapies has turned attention to ketamine and its enantiomers. While S-ketamine is clinically approved for treatment-resistant depression (TRD), it has various...
PharmacopsychiatryJune 2, 2025Ludovic C Dormegny-Jeanjean, Suzie Lenoir, Ilia Humbert et al.1 citation
Ketamine and esketamine (ESK) offer new treatment options for resistant depression. Unlike traditional antidepressants, they can be used in combination with non-selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors (NS-MAOI) without the risk of serotonergic syndrome. However, potential sympathomimetic synergy may lead to elevated blood pressure (BP). This series investigates whether cardiovascular parameters...
Results of a systematic review and meta‐analysis suggest that esketamine has only modest efficacy in the treatment of adults with treatment‐resistant depression, with initial improvement diminishing after the first few days. The results also suggest no effect of esketamine on suicidality.
Aims: Ketamine and behavioural activation (BA) reduce levels of anhedonia in major depressive disorder (MDD), though neither resolves anhedonia. Combining these treatments could yield additive or even multiplicative benefits. This poster summarises the development of a PhD fellowship proposal, discussing: (1) the initial patient and public involvement (PPI) interviews, exploring views on...
Aims: 1. Examine efficacy and durability of antidepressant effects. 2. Identify specific symptoms of improvement. 3. Compare response rates and duration of antidepressant effects in failed to respond to previous treatments. Methods: Prospective review study of patients who received off-label rapid dissolve wafer for SL delivery in hospital setting 2–3 times a week for 4 weeks. The study...
Aims: Ketamine is a novel and exciting putative antidepressant medication for patients with treatment-resistant depression. A complication commonly seen in frequent and heavy recreational use of ketamine is ulcerative cystitis, which presents with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and upper renal tract damage and can be seen in over 25% of regular users. Although ketamine-induced cystitis...
CHEST critical careJune 1, 2025Lucas C Wollenman, Austin M Tipold, Matthew W. Semler et al.1 citation
One of 3 patients in the ICU receiving mechanical ventilation demonstrates posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A single dose of ketamine has been shown to reduce PTSD symptoms in outpatients with chronic PTSD, but its long-term effect is unknown in patients who are critically ill and mechanically ventilated. Is ketamine, when used for induction of anesthesia before emergency tracheal...
Abstract Major depressive disorder (MDD), including treatment-resistant depression (TRD), represents significant global health challenges with conventional therapies often yielding suboptimal outcomes. This narrative review examines the therapeutic potential of psilocybin and ketamine, two novel agents offering distinct mechanisms of action compared to traditional monoamine-based or monoamine...
CureusJune 1, 2025Zakaria W Shkoukani, Praveen Gopi, Lauren Tate et al.1 citation
Ketamine-induced uropathy (KIU) is an emerging consequence of recreational ketamine misuse, often leading to progressive urinary tract dysfunction. Despite increasing prevalence, clinician awareness and standardized management remain limited. This study evaluated knowledge and practices among healthcare professionals in Cheshire and Merseyside, a region in the United Kingdom with high KIU...
CureusJune 1, 2025Amy Avakian, Zachary I Merhavy1 citation
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, synaptic dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. Despite extensive research, current therapeutic options offer limited symptomatic relief without altering disease progression. Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist traditionally used as an anesthetic, has garnered...