Cells
August 18, 2026
Bernard Kordas
The reversible effects of general anesthesia can be used to examine how brain activity changes during transitions into and out of altered conscious states. Such changes are commonly tracked using behavioral responses, electroencephalographic recordings, and measures of functional connectivity. These measures, however, reflect processes occurring at lower levels of organization, including the...
Cells
December 11, 2025
Agnieszka Pałucha-Poniewiera
Since the introduction of the NMDA receptor antagonist (S)-ketamine for depression therapy, it has become evident that the glutamatergic hypothesis of depression, proposed over 20 years ago, was justified and based on solid foundations. A significant breakthrough with this drug is its ability to produce a rapid and relatively long-lasting antidepressant effect in patients who are resistant to...
Cells
November 26, 2025
Ivan Anchesi, Maria Francesca Astorino, Ivana Raffaele et al.
1 citation
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) therapies effectively modulate peripheral immune responses but largely fail to promote neural repair within the central nervous system. This review evaluates whether psychedelic compounds (PSYs), via 5-HT2A activation, can fill a critical therapeutic gap: the need for agents that simultaneously suppress neuroinflammation and promote regeneration. We dissect the evidence...
Cells
June 19, 2025
Júlia Jarne-Ferrer, Mercè Pallàs, Christian Griñán-Ferré et al.
2 citations
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic and complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline, memory loss, and irreversible impairment of brain functions. The etiology of AD is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and physiological factors, including the aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and oxidative stress (OS). The role of OS in...
Cells
June 3, 2025
Marta Jóźwiak-Bębenista, Anna Wiktorowska-Owczarek, Małgorzata Siatkowska et al.
4 citations
Despite affecting millions worldwide, major depressive disorder (MDD) remains a therapeutic challenge, with approximately one-third of patients failing to respond to standard treatments. The need for innovative, molecularly driven therapies has turned attention to ketamine and its enantiomers. While S-ketamine is clinically approved for treatment-resistant depression (TRD), it has various...
Cells
November 1, 2024
Sonia Aroni, Claudia Sagheddu, Marco Pistis et al.
6 citations
The mesolimbic reward system originating from dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the midbrain shows a profound reduction in function during cannabinoid withdrawal. This condition may underlie aversive states that lead to compulsive drug seeking and relapse. The lateral habenula (LHb) exerts negative control over the VTA via the GABA rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg),...
Cells
August 26, 2024
Tatjana Nikolić, Milica Velimirović Bogosavljević, Tihomir Stojković et al.
6 citations
Schizophrenia (SCH) is a mental disorder that requires long-term antipsychotic treatment. SCH patients are thought to have an increased sensitivity to stress. The dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, observed in SCH, could include altered levels of glucocorticoids, glucocorticoid receptors (GRs), and associated proteins. The perinatal administration of phencyclidine...
Cells
June 29, 2024
Kawsar U Chowdhury, Madison Elizabeth Holden, Miles T Wiley et al.
There has been a significant increase in the consumption of cannabis for both recreational and medicinal purposes in recent years, and its use can have long-term consequences on cognitive functions, including memory. Here, we review the immediate and long-term effects of cannabis and its derivatives on glutamatergic neurotransmission, with a focus on both the presynaptic and postsynaptic...
Cells
April 12, 2024
Carlos Arrabal-Gómez, Rasiel Beltran-Casanueva, Aracelis Hernández-García et al.
7 citations
This study investigates the combined effects of the neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor (NPY1R) agonist [Leu31-Pro34]NPY at a dose of 132 µg and Ketamine at 10 mg/Kg on cognitive functions and neuronal proliferation, against a backdrop where neurodegenerative diseases present an escalating challenge to global health systems. Utilizing male Sprague-Dawley rats in a physiological model, this research...
Cells
March 22, 2023
Kevin Domanegg, Wolfgang H. Sommer, Marcus W. Meinhardt
23 citations
Alcohol abuse is a leading risk factor for the public health burden worldwide. Approved pharmacotherapies have demonstrated limited effectiveness over the last few decades in treating alcohol use disorders (AUD). New therapeutic approaches are therefore urgently needed. Historical and recent clinical trials using psychedelics in conjunction with psychotherapy demonstrated encouraging results in...
Cells
February 12, 2022
Alina Wilkowska, Mariusz S. Wiglusz, Katarzyna Jakuszkowiak‐wojten et al.
23 citations
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Ketamine is a rapid-acting antidepressant with proven efficacy as an add-on agent in unipolar and bipolar treatment-resistant depression. Although many studies have been published, there is still not enough data on the effect of ketamine in combination with other medications. Particularly interesting is the combination of ketamine and lamotrigine, and its potential...
Cells
July 27, 2021
Dasiel O Borroto-Escuela, Patrizia Ambrogini, Manuel Narváez et al.
29 citations
The heteroreceptor complexes present a novel biological principle for signal integration. These complexes and their allosteric receptor–receptor interactions are bidirectional and novel targets for treatment of CNS diseases including mental diseases. The existence of D2R-5-HT2AR heterocomplexes can help explain the anti-schizophrenic effects of atypical antipsychotic drugs not only based on...
Cells
September 24, 2019
Alessandra Grossert, N. Mehrjardi, S. Bailey et al.
The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine offers promising perspectives for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Although ketamine demonstrates rapid and long-lasting effects, even in treatment-resistant patients, to date, the underlying mode of action remains elusive. Thus, the aim of our study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of ketamine at clinically...