Intranasal (IN) esketamine represents a novel add-on treatment for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) with reported favourable effects on insomnia. IN esketamine treatment might similarly reduce the incidence of insomnia as an adverse event (AE). The present meta-analysis therefore investigated whether IN esketamine relative to placebo is associated with a lower incidence of insomnia as an AE...
Ketamine, traditionally known as an anesthetic agent, has garnered attention for its rapid acting antidepressant properties, particularly in patients with treatment resistant depression (TRD). The compound’s unique pharmacological profile primarily as an NMDA receptor antagonist has enabled its repositioning in psychiatric settings, where conventional antidepressants often fall short. This...
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic pain disorder that severely affects mobility and quality of life. This case report describes an 86-year-old man who has a long-standing history of CRPS-related back and leg pain. Traditional treatments, including opioids and duloxetine, did not improve his symptoms, and due to religious beliefs restricting specific interventions, standard...
AIMS: This study aims to investigate the safety profile of Esketamine, with a particular focus on comparing adverse events (AEs) between adults (< 65 years) and older adults (≥ 65 years) using data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive analysis of FAERS data from 2019 to 2024, identifying 6,452 Esketamine-related AE reports. After removing...
Ketamine, a widely used anesthetic with emerging evidence suggesting neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties across various neurological disorders, is recognized for its NMDA receptor antagonism. It has been postulated to play a role in neuroprotection, due to its anti-inflammatory properties, and decrease microglial activation, as well as cytokines TNF and IL-6. Despite its...
NeuroSciAugust 27, 2025Alexander Thomas, R Andrew Chambers4 citations
Interest in ketamine as a novel treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs) has been increasing due to its N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor antagonism and mounting evidence that glutamate neurotransmission is involved in the pathogenesis of both depression and addictions. This narrative review provides an outline of clinical evidence reported in the literature from the 1970s to...
Esketamine has been shown to produce a major antidepressant response in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). We evaluated the factors associated with achieving remission in these individuals. The study was carried out across four psychiatry departments in Madrid, Spain. Patients aged over 18 years were included if they received esketamine as an augmentation treatment for TRD....
The FASEB JournalAugust 26, 2025Joshua C. Flowers, Paige E. Vetter, McKennon J. Wiles et al.7 citations
ABSTRACT Chronic stress affects brain functions, leading to the development of mental disorders like anxiety and depression, as well as cognitive decline and social dysfunction. Among many biological changes in chronically stressed brains, disruptions in AMPA Receptor (AMPAR)‐mediated synaptic transmission in the hippocampus are associated with stress responses. We have revealed that low‐dose...
Schizophrenia is a severe chronic neuropsychiatric disorder with a wide-range of cognitive and mental deficits and different categories of symptoms including positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. In rodents, sub-chronic ketamine administration is a common method to induce a schizophrenia-like state. Olanzapine, an atypical antipsychotic medication, is used for the treatment and management...
ABSTRACT Background: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a chronic relapsing condition with a high mortality rate. While medications such as methadone are valuable first-line therapies, retention is poor, with the highest dropout rates early in a treatment attempt. Poor outcomes are due in part to the very high rates of co-morbid depression in people with OUD, as depression can drive opioid use....
The balance between excitatory and inhibitory (E/I) activity is critical for brain function, and its disruption is implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders. Electrophysiological signals can be decomposed into periodic (oscillatory) and aperiodic components. In the power spectrum, the periodic component appears as narrowband peaks, while the aperiodic component underlies its characteristic 1 / f...
Ketamine has emerged as a promising treatment strategy for several psychiatric disorders, with rising number of studies examining its safety and efficacy in Indian settings. However, concerns remain regarding their methodological robustness. To systematically review and evaluate the methodological quality of Indian studies assessing the use of ketamine for treating psychiatric disorders and...
Pre- and probiotics promote a diverse and functional gut microbiota and have demonstrated both anxiolytic and antidepressant effects; however, how synbiotic diet interacts with antidepressant medications has not been fully investigated. This study sought to evaluate the potential anxiolytic or antidepressant effects of a synbiotic diet in an avian model that presents homologies with...
Mood disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BP), significantly impact global health, with MDD affecting over 300 million people and BP affecting approximately 2% of the world's population. Ketamine, originally an anesthetic, has emerged as a promising treatment for patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD), due to its unique pharmacological...
OBJECTIVE The study evaluated the effectiveness of Ketamine Intravenous Therapy (KIT) in reducing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptoms, using electronic health record data from outpatient psychiatric patients with PTSD. METHOD We analyzed data from 8,136 patients diagnosed with PTSD, 87 % (N = 7,070) of whom also had comorbid depression. Symptom severity was measured...
This study aims to investigate the protective effects of esketamine on lung injury in rat models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) under mechanical ventilation. The focus is on serum exosome miRNA profiles through RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were categorized into four groups: Control (C), COPD model (M), COPD model + saline (MS), and COPD...
Abstract Background DNA methylation is a biomarker suited to investigate dynamic processes, such as treatment response. For this analysis we focus on DNA methylation changes during a randomised controlled trial (RCT) in treatment resistant depressed patients comparing racemic ketamine (s.c.) versus midazolam (s.c.) (the Ketamine for Adult Depression Study - KADS). This clinical trial showed a...
Abstract Background Low dose ketamine has been shown, in animal studies, to enhance firing activity of norepinephrine neurons in the locus coeruleus, and burst as well as population activity of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area [1]. These brainstem monoamine nuclei densely innervate the PFC, where clinical studies have shown a facilitation of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the...
Antidepressant effects with sub-anesthetic doses of intravenous ketamine have been previously demonstrated. However, previous studies have primarily evaluated the efficacy of acute treatment protocols, with limited research on maintenance treatment. Moreover, controlled maintenance studies have only included patients with treatment-resistant Major Depressive Disorder (TRD), with no maintenance...
This multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial was designed to investigate the efficacy and safety of esketamine (ESK) for smoking cessation. The study enrolled a sample of 236 patients diagnosed with lung cancer and major depression disorder (MDD). Treatment included intranasal delivery of ESK or placebo once a week for 8 sessions. The primary outcomes were self-reported and...