Ketamine, originally used as an anesthetic, has shown rapid antidepressant effects, especially for treatment-resistant depression. This review examines its mechanisms as an NMDA receptor antagonist, therapeutic uses, clinical efficacy, and safety concerns. The authors argue that while ketamine offers promise, its use raises ethical, regulatory, and long-term safety issues requiring further research and careful implementation.
Both 10-minute and 20-minute mindfulness meditation sessions, practiced over 8 weeks, reduced anxiety and perceived stress in women without psychiatric diagnoses, compared to a non-meditating control group. No significant difference in anxiety reduction was found between the two meditation durations. Mindfulness scores and intolerance of uncertainty did not differ between the meditation groups and the control group after the intervention. The findings suggest that even brief daily meditation can be effective for managing anxiety and stress, offering a practical option for women with limited time.