Introduction: Three primary faculties of mind and mental health. According to the ancient Indian system of medicine, Ayurveda, a comprehensive model for aspects of cognition derived from three basic functions that decide mental process are Dhi (the acquisition aspect, reasoning facet of intellect), Dhriti (the retention or sustaining or volitional, cognitive stability), and Smriti (memory). The...
Our theories stemming from perception, memory, and neurology came to similar and complementary conclusions regarding the mechanism of conscious brain processes. We suggest that consciousness is the explicit memory of past events or the general cognitive capacity to simulate events, whether used to consciously remember the past, experience the present, or imagine the future. Perceptual...
Suggestibility refers to an individual's tendency to accept, believe, and act on information or ideas presented by others with limited critical evaluation or independent judgment. It reflects the extent to which a person's behaviors, choices, thoughts, and memories can be shaped by external prompts, leading questions, or social influences. Despite its relevance to human behaviors, its...
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) affects about 30% of patients with major depressive disorder and remains a major clinical challenge.The limited effectiveness of classical antidepressants suggests that the pathophysiology of TRD is complex and extends beyond the traditional monoamine hypothesis.The aim of this paper was to present current concepts of the neurobiological background of TRD...
Introduction: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic condition where many patients remain symptomatic despite first-line treatments such as cognitive behavioural therapy and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. This randomised controlled trial evaluated mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) efficacy as an augmentation strategy and its impact on brain functional connectivity....
Introduction Mindfulness and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) modulate brain networks implicated in psychopathology. This study investigated the synergistic effects of concurrent anodal tDCS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and treadmill walking for Focused Mindfulness (TW-FM) on effective directional brain connectivity for focused mindfulness. Methods...
Meditation and spiritual practices have moved from the margins of medical interest into the center of contemporary mental health research, with a rapidly growing body of randomized trials, neuroimaging studies, and systematic reviews. Evidence from programs such as Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction, yoga based interventions, Transcendental Meditation, loving kindness practices, and mantra...
Currently, there is substantial ongoing discussion around the functional role of the thalamus in consciousness. What is missing in the literature, however, is a systematic investigation of the relevance of specific thalamic nuclei in pharmacologically and pathologically altered states of consciousness in humans. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in both healthy...
This article proposes a dual-self states framework in which reflective and experiential modes of consciousness are understood as dynamic configurations along a processing continuum. The reflective/experiential self-state corresponds to narrative, denotational, and self-referential consciousness underpinned by default mode network activity. The experiential self state is characterized as an...
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) affects about one-third of people with major depression and leads to higher suicide rates, impaired functioning, and increased healthcare use. Originally defined as nonresponse to tricyclic antidepressants, TRD now encompasses inadequate response to multiple antidepressant classes, psychotherapy, and neuromodulation. Inconsistent criteria-varying by agency,...