The present study was designed to characterize further the rewarding and aversive properties of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), the alpha-ethyl homologue of MDMA (MBDB), fenfluramine, and the selective serotonin releasing agent 5-methoxy-6-methyl-2-aminoindan (MMAI) using the conditioned place preference paradigm (CPP). Extracellular dopamine (DA) and its metabolite DOPAC were also...
Whether or not drug use can cause a chronic psychotic disorder that is clinically similar to schizophrenia and related disorders is an important question. In this review, the authors attempt to determine whether there is enough evidence in the literature to support the notion that illicit drug use can cause chronic psychotic disorders. They conclude the literature strongly suggests that a...
Semistructured interviews were carried out with 20 illicit users of ketamine in Scotland. Participants had used a wide range of illegal drugs. Scottish drug agencies reported limited contact with ketamine users; however, subjects were knowledgeable regarding the licit purpose of ketamine, its effects, and its legal status. Ketamine was usually obtained through diversion from legitimate sources....
The study investigated the relationship between the use ofHolotropic Breathwork and therapeutic changes in levels of distress associated with selfidentified problems, death anxiety, selfesteem, and sense of affiliation with others. Two groups of 24 subjects were compared using a repeated measures design. One group participated in a combination of experientially oriented psychotherapy plus six...
Abstract: In vivo microdialysis was used to determine whether the 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)‐induced release of serotonin (5‐HT) in vivo involves a carrier‐mediated process and to investigate further the state‐dependent interaction between 5‐HT and dopamine. MDMA produced a dose‐dependent increase in the extracellular concentration of 5‐HT in the striatum and prefrontal cortex...
The distribution of the putative anti-addictive substance ibogaine was measured in plasma, brain, kidney, liver and fat after ip and sc administration in rats. One hr after ip dosing (40 mg/kg), drug levels ranged from 106 ng/ml (plasma) to 11,308 ng/g (fat), with significantly higher values after sc administration of the same dose. Drug levels were 10-20 fold lower 12 hr after the same dose....
The indole alkaloid ibogaine has been suggested to have potential for inhibiting dependency on stimulant drugs. Radioligand binding studies have suggested possible multisite actions of ibogaine: affinity at the kappa-opioid, NMDA, and sigma receptors, with effects on dopamine (DA) release. To further investigate the multiplicity of sites of action of ibogaine and the presynaptic regulation of...
Ibogaine, an indole containing alkaloid, has been shown to reduce the rate of injection of morphine and cocaine in self-administration protocols. Since morphine- and cocaine-induced modulation of dopamine release is impulse dependent and essential for their reinforcing effects, disruption of dopamine neuronal activity by ibogaine could explain its purported 'antiaddictive' properties....
Anecdotal observations in humans indicate that indole alkaloid ibogaine may have anti-addictive properties. It has been suggested that the therapeutic action of ibogaine may depend upon facilitated access to the past experiences, purportedly influencing the initiation of drug addiction. To determine if ibogaine may facilitate memory retrieval, rats were trained in the Morris maze spatial...
Local perfusion with ibogaine (10(-6) M-10(-3) M) via microdialysis probes in the nucleus accumbens or striatum of rats produced a biphasic dose-response effect on extracellular dopamine levels. Lower doses (10(-6) M-10(-4) M) produced a decrease while higher doses (5 x 10(-4) M-10(-3) M) produced an increase in dopamine levels. Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels were not effected....