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April 1, 2001 M. B. Menskii
structures of intellect on the idea of implicative links and dependences in the consciousness. According to him, ``none of the concepts expressing physical causality... are applicable to the understanding of linkages in the realm of consciousness'' (see Ref. [7], p. 19). Thus, even though it is a long way from the problem of quantummeasurement to the problem of consciousness, the problem of...
Medical Hypotheses March 2001 W S Von Arx
Since the cerebral cortex is deeply infolded (to provide a large surface area) and the celerity of neuropropagation across Golgi's layer 1 (the 'molecular feltwork' of the outer brain) has the slowest rate possible in living tissue, we suggest that consciousness, sentience and cognition are wave interference phenomena related to electroencephalographic (EEG) 'rhythms' that appear and disappear...
Dreaming March 1, 2001 G. William Domhoff 99 citations
Discoveries in three distinct areas of dream research make it possible to suggest the outlines of a new neurocognitive theory of dreaming. The first relevant findings come from assessments of patients with brain injuries, which show that lesions in different areas have differential effects on dreaming and thereby imply the contours of the neural network necessary for dreaming. The second set of...
Anthropology of Consciousness March 1, 2001 Tara W. Lumpkin
Perceptual diversity allows human beings to access knowledge through a variety of perceptual processes, rather than merely through everyday waking reality. Many of these perceptual processes are transrational altered states of consciousness (meditation, trance, dreams, imagination) and are not considered valid processes for accessing knowledge by science (which is based primarily upon...
Mind & Language March 1, 2001 Andy Clark
A suitable project for the new Millenium is to radically reconfigure our image of human rationality. Such a project is already underway, within the Cognitive Sciences, under the umbrellas of work in Situated Cognition, Distributed and De‐centralized Cognition, Real‐world Robotics and Artificial Life. Such approaches, however, are often criticized for giving certain aspects of rationality too...
Neuropsychopharmacology March 1, 2001 S V Kyosseva, S M Owens, A D Elbein et al.
We have previously demonstrated elevation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in the cerebellum from patients with schizophrenia, an illness that may involve dysfunction of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. Since the NMDA antagonist, phencyclidine (PCP), produces schizophrenic-like symptoms in humans, and abnormal behavior in animals, we examined the effects of...
Psychopharmacology February 22, 2001 Jordi Riba, Antoni Rodrı́guez-fornells, Gloria Urbano et al. 302 citations
RationaleAyahuasca is a South American psychoactive beverage that contains the naturally occurring psychedelic agent N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT). This "tea" has been used for centuries in religious and medicinal contexts in the rain forest areas of South America and is presently gaining the attention of psychedelic users in North America and Europe.ObjectivesIn the present study, the...
The British Journal of Psychiatry February 1, 2001 Andrew Johns 474 citations
BACKGROUND: Cannabis is commonly regarded as an innocuous drug and the prevalence of lifetime and regular use has increased in most developed countries. However, accumulative evidence highlights the risks of dependence and other adverse effects, particularly among people with pre-existing psychiatric disorders. AIMS: To re-evaluate the adverse effects of cannabis in the general population and...
Psychopharmacology January 2001 Tanya L. Wallace, Gary A. Gudelsky, Charles V. Vorhees
The long-term neurochemical effects produced by the repeated administration of methamphetamine (MA) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) are well documented; however, the functional consequences have not been clearly defined. The present study was designed to investigate whether rats treated with a monoamine-depleting regimen of MA or MDMA exhibit disturbances in locomotor activity...
Addiction Biology 2001 Rodney J. Irvine, Natasha P. Toop, Benjamin D. Phillis et al.
Abstract: A number of reports of severe acute toxicity as a result of recreational ingestion of what was believed to be 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) (ecstasy) have revealed, on chemical analysis of the victim's blood, to be due to p‐methoxyamphetamine (PMA). Increased blood pressure and heart rate have been associated with this toxicity, which is exacerbated by high ambient...