Neuropsychobiology
2002
Euphrosyne Gouzoulis‐mayfrank, B. Thelen, Stefanie Maier et al.
69 citations
Hallucinogenic drug-induced states are considered as models for acute schizophrenic disorders (experimental psychoses). In a double-blind study with healthy volunteers we investigated the influence of the serotonergic hallucinogen psilocybin, the ecstasy-like drug 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDE), the stimulant d- methamphetamine and placebo on covert orienting of spatial attention (n =...
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs
2002
Marlene Dobkin De Rios, Charles S. Grob, John R. Baker
58 citations
This article examines drug substitution with regard to hallucinogens (ayahuasca, ibogaine, peyote and LSD) set within the concept of redemption. The model examines both religious and secular approaches to the contemporary use of hallucinogens in drug substitution, both by scientists and in religious settings worldwide. The redemptive model posits that the proper use of one psychoactive...
Journal of Neuroscience
December 15, 2001
Raúl Martín‐Ruiz, M. Victoria Puig, Pau Celada et al.
335 citations
We examined the in vivo effects of the hallucinogen 4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine (DOI). DOI suppressed the firing rate of 7 of 12 dorsal raphe (DR) serotonergic (5-HT) neurons and partially inhibited the rest (ED(50) = 20 microg/kg, i.v.), an effect reversed by M100907 (5-HT(2A) antagonist) and picrotoxinin (GABA(A) antagonist). DOI (1 mg/kg, s.c.) reduced the 5-HT release in medial...
Journal of Neuroscience
December 15, 2001
Evelyn K. Lambe, George K. Aghajanian
111 citations
Serotonin 5-HT 2A receptors have been implicated in psychiatric illness and the psychotomimetic effects of hallucinogens. In brain slices, focal stimulation of 5-HT 2A receptors in rat prefrontal cortex results in dramatically increased glutamate release onto layer V pyramidal neurons, as measured by an increase in “spontaneous” (nonelectrically evoked) EPSCs. This glutamate release is blocked...
Addiction
December 1, 2001
Diana J Walker, James P Zacny
To determine effects of ethanol-use history and ethanol pretreatment on abuse liability of nitrous oxide (N(2)O). Placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over design evaluating effects of N(2)O, 0% (100% O(2), placebo) and 30% (in O(2)), in the presence of three doses of ethanol: 0 g/kg (placebo), 0.35 g/kg and 0.7 g/kg. Subjects sat in a reclining chair in a hospital laboratory. Eight healthy...
British Journal of Pharmacology
December 1, 2001
María Isabel Colado, Jorge Camarero, Annis O. Mechan et al.
122 citations
Administration of 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ‘ecstasy’) to mice produces acute hyperthermia and long‐term degeneration of striatal dopamine nerve terminals. Attenuation of the hyperthermia decreases the neurodegeneration. We have investigated the mechanisms involved in producing the neurotoxic loss of striatal dopamine. MDMA produced a dose‐dependent loss in striatal dopamine...
Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental
December 1, 2001
Matthias E. Liechti, Franz X. Vollenweider
243 citations
Abstract In preclinical studies, 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ‘Ecstasy’) has been shown to release serotonin (5‐HT), dopamine and norepinephrine. However, the role of these neurotransmitters and their corresponding receptor sites in mediating the subjective effects of MDMA has not yet been studied in humans. Therefore, we investigated the effects of three different neuroreceptor...
Neuroreport
November 16, 2001
Ros R Brett, F MacKenzie, Judith A Pratt
The effects of Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on neural activity in the rat were investigated using [14C]2-deoxyglucose autoradiography to measure local cerebral glucose use. Overall, THC reduced glucose use at 5 mg/kg and slightly increased it at 1 mg/kg. Significant reductions were seen at the higher dose in regions of the hippocampus and limbic system, and in structures associated with...
Neuropsychopharmacology
November 2001
Carl L. Hart, W Van Gorp, Margaret Haney et al.
Although the ability to perform complex cognitive operations is assumed to be impaired following acute marijuana smoking, complex cognitive performance after acute marijuana use has not been adequately assessed under experimental conditions. In the present study, we used a within-participant double-blind design to evaluate the effects acute marijuana smoking on complex cognitive performance in...
Journal of Neuroscience
November 1, 2001
Nigel P. Pedersen, W.w. Blessing
120 citations
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; "Ecstasy") increases body temperature. This process could be associated with increased cutaneous blood flow, as normally occurs with exercise-induced hyperthermia. Alternatively, an MDMA-induced fall in cutaneous blood flow could contribute to the hyperthermia by diminishing normal heat transfer from the body to the environment. We investigated these...