Addiction
February 14, 2011
Kate Morefield, Michael Keane, Peter Felgate et al.
83 citations
ABSTRACT Aims To improve our understanding of the pharmacology of ‘ecstasy’ in recreational environments; in particular, to describe the composition of ecstasy pills, patterns of ecstasy use and the relationship between dose of 3,4‐methylendioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and resulting plasma concentrations. Design, setting and participants A naturalistic observational study of 56 experienced...
Neuropsychopharmacology
February 2006
Annis O. Mechan, Jie Yuan, George Hatzidimitriou et al.
A large body of data indicates that (+/-)3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 'ecstasy') can damage brain serotonin neurons in animals. However, the relevance of these preclinical data to humans is uncertain, because doses and routes of administration used in animals have generally differed from those used by humans. Here, we examined the pharmacokinetic profile of MDMA in squirrel monkeys...
Brain Research
March 8, 2005
Alexander Freezer, Abdallah Salem, Rodney J. Irvine
34 citations
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy") and para-methoxyamphetamine (PMA) are commonly used recreational drugs. PMA, often mistaken for MDMA, is reported to be more toxic in human use than MDMA. Both of these drugs have been shown to facilitate the release and prevent the reuptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin). PMA is also a potent inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A...
Drug and Alcohol Review
March 2002
Linda R Gowing, Susan M Henry-Edwards, Rodney J. Irvine et al.
Ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, MDMA) is the third most used illicit drug, after cannabis and amphetamines. There has been considerable interest in the adverse effects of use, with particular attention given to a small number of deaths related to ecstasy use, and the neurotoxic effects of MDMA. This paper reviews case reports of adverse effects attributed to ecstasy use, and the...
Addiction Biology
2001
Rodney J. Irvine, Natasha P. Toop, Benjamin D. Phillis et al.
Abstract: A number of reports of severe acute toxicity as a result of recreational ingestion of what was believed to be 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) (ecstasy) have revealed, on chemical analysis of the victim's blood, to be due to p‐methoxyamphetamine (PMA). Increased blood pressure and heart rate have been associated with this toxicity, which is exacerbated by high ambient...