Dreaming
March 26, 2026
Jai Marin, Noah Thomas, Lan Nguyen et al.
Dreams represent a universal human experience linked to emotional regulation, memory processing, and psychological well-being, yet the extent to which stable personality traits shape dream experiences remains unclear. Previous reviews have either focused narrowly on nightmares or examined general sleep-related patterns, leaving questions about the broader role of personality in dreaming...
Dreaming
February 18, 2025
Aurore Roland, Zosia Goossens
3 citations
Objective/Background Our objective was to conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis to enhance our comprehension of the Big Five personality traits that are associated with nightmare frequency and distress and might thus serve as risk factors for frequent and distressing nightmares.Methods The inclusion criteria for studies were the use of a validated questionnaire to measure the Big Five...
Dreaming
2024
Ecological momentary assessment of daily affect, stress, and nightmare reports among combat-exposed Veterans.
Dreaming
September 1, 2020
Michael Schredl, Kelly Bulkeley
66 citations
This study analyzes the responses of 3,031 U S adults who, in early May of 2020, completed an online survey regarding their dreams and the COVID-19 outbreak The results indicate that those people most strongly affected by the pandemic also reported the strongest effects on their dream life (heightened dream recall, more negatively toned dreams, and pandemic-related dreams) Pronounced negative...
Dreaming
September 1, 2020
Ilaria Iorio, Massimiliano Sommantico, Santa Parrello
46 citations
Based on the continuity hypothesis of dreaming with waking life, we have studied the effects of isolation on the dreams of Italian persons, during the time of the COVID-19 pandemic The present study included a sample of 796 subjects (73 2% women;ages 18-79 years, M = 30 3, SD = 12 8) Participants were asked to complete a dream questionnaire, as well as to report their most recent dream, by...
Dreaming
September 1, 2017
Denholm Jay Adventure-Heart, Paul Delfabbro, Michael Proeve et al.
28 citations
Lucid dreaming is a learnable skill and has a wide range of potential applications. However, research in this area has been limited by a lack of effective and reliable lucid dream induction techniques. The present study provides a thorough investigation into 3 of the most promising cognitive lucid d
Dreaming
September 9, 2013
Michael Rohde Olsen, Michael Schredl, Ingegerd Carlsson
19 citations
The study investigated aspects of dream sharing and dream recall in an adult sample (N = 667). It explored with whom dreams are shared and why, as well as the relation between relationship intimacy and dream sharing frequency with the partner. A significant, positive correlation was found between dream sharing frequency in couples and perceived relationship intimacy. Further, the findings...
Dreaming
August 22, 2011
Jayne Gackenbach, Evelyn Ellerman, Christie Hall
22 citations
Soldiers who play video games to varying degrees were solicited to fill out a survey on dreams and gaming. A prescreening filtered out those who were not soldiers, who did not game and who were suffering from various psychological problems in the last six months. The remaining soldiers filled out these inventories; general and military demographics, history of video game play, Emotional...
Dreaming
March 1, 2011
Tore Nielsen, Katia Levrier, Jacques Montplaisir
31 citations
Increasing evidence supports the clinical view that alexithymia is associated with disturbed dreaming. However, a consistent, replicable pattern of relationships between alexithymia and different dreaming components has not yet been identified. Groups of sleep-disordered outpatients (N 580; 46.0 13.2 years) and nonclinical controls (N 145; 22.9 4.2 years) were administered the Toronto...
Dreaming
June 1, 2010
Umberto Barcaro, Pietro Rizzi
4 citations
The objective of the research was to recognize and describe a phenomenon of self-similarity in dreams, specifically in the connection patterns of dreams: These patterns were obtained by means of a linguistic analysis of data including dream reports and associations provided by the dreamer. Dreams of four patients in therapy, three for each patient, were considered. It was found that a...
Dreaming
March 1, 2009
Jayne Gackenbach
29 citations
Lucid dreams, as well as control dreams, have recently been reported as associated with video game play (Gackenbach, 2006). In this study, dreams were collected from the morning after a night of rested sleep as well as electronic media use from the day before the dream. In a factor analysis, lucid and control dreams were associated with all electronic media use but most strongly with video game...
Dreaming
June 1, 2006
Brigitte Holzinger, Stephen LaBerge, Lynne Levitan
69 citations
The main goal of the present study was to explore electrophysiologicaldifferences between lucid and nonlucid dreams in REM sleep. Seven men andfour women experienced in lucid dreaming underwent polysomnographicrecordings in the sleep laboratory on two consecutive nights. EEG signalswere subjected to spectral analysis to obtain Þve different frequency bandsbetween 1 and 20 Hz. Lucidity was...
Dreaming
March 1, 2006
Timo Paulsson, Adrian G. Parker
20 citations
Previous research in the field of lucid dreams has contained descriptions of several techniques for inducing lucid dreams, but there have been only a limited number of empirical studies designed to evaluate the effectiveness of these techniques. The present study investigated the effects of a two week training program using the reflectionintention technique which is specifically designed to...
Dreaming
December 1, 2004
Anne Germain, Barry Krakow, Brigitte Faucher et al.
78 citations
Exposure, abreaction, and mastery have been proposed as the therapeutic processes of nightmare (NM) reduction. Imagery rehearsal therapy (IRT) effectively reduces NMs but involves minimal exposure and abreaction. The authors investigated the use of mastery in the scripting of new dreams (NDs) elaborated during IRT. NM an dN D reports were collected from 44 female sexual assault survivors with...
Dreaming
December 1, 2004
Susan Malcolm‐Smith, Mark Solms
31 citations
A. Revonsuo (2000b) proposed an evolutionary theory of dreaming, stating it is a threat simulation mechanism that allowed early humans to rehearse threat perception and avoidance without biological cost. The present study aimed to establish the proportion of dreams containing physical threats to the dreamer, whether these represent realistic life-threatening events, and whether the dreamer...
Dreaming
September 1, 2003
Michael Schredl, Petra Ciric, Simon GÖtz et al.
59 citations
The question whether personality dimensions explain the interindividual differences in dream recall frequency has often been investigated by dream researchers. The present findings confirm previous research which has shown that traits such as openness-to-experience and thin boundaries correlate substantially with dream recall frequency. However, correlation coefficients are small and are much...
Dreaming
September 1, 2003
Victor I. Spoormaker, Jan Van den Bout, Eli J. G. Meijer
54 citations
Goal of this series of cases was to investigate lucid dreaming treatment for nightmares. Hypotheses were that lucid dreaming treatment would decrease nightmare frequency and state/trait anxiety, and improve the quality of sleep. Eight participants received a one-hour individual session, which consisted of lucid dreaming exercises and discussing possible constructive solutions for the nightmare....
Dreaming
June 1, 2002
Ross Levin, Gary Fireman
26 citations
The present study investigated the relationship between both state and global measures of phenomenal qualities of nightmare experience and nightmare prevalence as measured prospectively by dream logs. Sixty three frequent nightmare individuals and 53 controls completed a retrospective measure of their sleep and dreaming processes and kept a dreaming and nightmare log for 21 consecutive nights....
Dreaming
March 1, 2002
Michael Schredl
162 citations
Dream questionnaires are widely used in dream research to measure dream recall frequency and various aspects of dream life. The present study has investigated the intercorrelation between questionnaire and diary measures. 285 participants completed a dream question-naire and kept a dream diary over a two-week period. Results indicate that keeping a dream diary increased dream recall in low and...
Dreaming
March 1, 2001
Montague Ullman
7 citations
Social as well as personal referents appear in dreams and, when recognized as such, provide insight into how unresolved social issues seep into the personal domain at an unconscious level. Dream-sharing groups (because of the time available and other factors) offer a particularly favorable opportunity to observe this interplay. The truth-telling nature of dreaming consciousness not only exposes...
Dreaming
March 1, 2000
Sophie Schwartz
35 citations
Contemporary cognitive and neuropsychological approaches to dreaming show striking methodological and conceptual similarities with the scientific dream literature of the last century. The use of introspective dream reports and the emphasis on dream phenomenology are characteristic of both periods but were bannished during the first half of this century, the former by behaviorism, the latter by...
Dreaming
December 1, 1999
Michael Schredl, Gerard Schäfer, Friedrich Hofmann et al.
61 citations
Using dream diary procedures and statistically controlling for age and gender, the present study investigated the relationship between Hartmann's (1991) boundary concept and various aspects of dreaming. Results with a sample of young adults confirmed earlier findings that persons with thin boundaries recall dreams (including nightmares) more often, report dreams that are more negative and...
Dreaming
June 1, 1998
Michael Schredl
33 citations
The present study investigated dream recall and dream content in patients with narcolepsy. Compared to healthy controls, patients with narcolepsy reported higher dream recall frequency and more negatively toned and bizarre dreams, confirming earlier findings.
Dreaming
March 1, 1996
Leonard M. Giambra, Rex E. Jung, Alicia Grodsky
62 citations
Dream recall was measured retrospectively with the Night Dreaming Scale of the Imaginal Processes Inventory. Evidence supports a high degree of correspondence among methods which assess dreaming frequency. A cross-sectional sample (17-92 years old, n = 2328) found fewer dreams recalled with increasing age. Women recalled more dreams and showed a less rapid decrease in frequency than men....
Dreaming
March 1, 1996
Maria Casagrande, Cristiano Violani, Mario Bertini
18 citations
Following the general idea of a substantial bydimensionality of mind, a cognitive psycholinguistic model is proposed attempting to describe how two thinking modalities - named Y and X - may contribute to the production of a dream report. Based on this model, two sets of syntactical-lexical categories were defined whose counts, divided for report length, should indicate the contribution of the...