Depression and Anxiety
2008
Thomas A. Mellman, Notalelomwan Aigbogun, Ruth Elaine Graves et al.
The occurrence of sleep paralysis (SP) absent narcolepsy appears to not be uncommon in African Americans and probably other non-European groups. Prior research has linked SP to trauma and psychiatric disorders and suggested a specific relationship to panic disorder in African Americans. The objective of our study was to evaluate relationships of SP with trauma, concurrent psychiatric symptoms...
heiDOK (Heidelberg University)
2008
Erin J. Wamsley, John S. Antrobus
2 citations
It has long been known that dream recall, along with various other features of dreaming, changes as a function of time of night. Yet the processes which might account for these time-dependent variations remain obscure. Here we assess the contribution of homeostatic and circadian factors to the generation of NREM mentation across the diurnal cycle. Assuming that previously reported time-of-night...
Empirical Studies of the Arts
2008
Ken Stange, Shelley E. Taylor
Subjective experiences of profound religious-mystical and aesthetic experiences share common characteristics, suggesting that apparent differences between them may reflect a person's individual cognitive schema. Six characteristics common to descriptions of religious-mystical and aesthetic experiences were distinguished. A questionnaire was designed to determine the following: 1) the extent to...
Psychopharmacology
January 2008
Matthew L Banks, Jon E. Sprague, Paul W Czoty et al.
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) is frequently used in hot environments, such as rave parties. Studies in laboratory animals have shown that ambient temperature can alter the behavioral and neurochemical effects of MDMA. To examine the influence of ambient temperature on the relative reinforcing strength of MDMA and reinstatement of behavior previously maintained by MDMA is the...
Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior
January 2008
William E Fantegrossi, Chad J Reissig, Elyse B Katz et al.
N,N-dipropyltryptamine (DPT) is a synthetic tryptamine hallucinogen which has been used psychotherapeutically in humans, but has been studied preclinically only rarely. In the present studies, DPT was tested in a drug-elicited head-twitch assay in mice, and in rats trained to discriminate lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), N,N-dimethyl-4-phosphoryloxytryptamine (psilocybin), or...
Intellectica. Revue de l'Association pour la Recherche Cognitive
2008
Eric Gans
Religion and Knowledge. Our understanding of the contribution of religious revelation to fundamental anthropological self-consciousness is clarified by Derrida’s remark that every linguistic communication involves an “ act of faith” independent of any particular belief. But this faith is understandable only within the framework of a hypothesis that explains the origin of the human capacity to...
IEEE Signal Processing Magazine
2008
Richard J. Davidson, Antoine Lutz
282 citations
The term neuroplasticity is used to describe the brain changes that occur in response to experience. This article examines the changes in the brain that occur during different styles of meditation practice.
cIRcle (University of British Columbia)
2008
Scott E. Lawrance
Various forms of meditation are being used by an increasing number of people in North America. Practiced both within the context of an overarching spiritual path and as a self-regulation strategy, meditation is sometimes a supplement to traditional forms of psychotherapy. At other times, meditation, as part of a spiritual practice, is used as an alternative approach to mental health and...
Psychopathology
2008
Barnaby Nelson, Louis Sass
24 citations
While considerable research attention has been devoted to the causal relationship between substance use and psychosis, the phenomenology of the association between the two has largely been ignored. This is a significant shortcoming, because it blinds researchers to the possibility that there may be elements of the subjective experience of substance use and psychosis that contribute to their...
Journal of Pharmacological Sciences
2008
Takayuki Nakagawa, Shuji Kaneko
44 citations
Psychostimulants including amphetamines and cocaine, opioids including morphine, and some recreational drugs share the ability to cause drug dependence and addiction. Although these drugs of abuse primarily act on distinct molecular targets, such as monoamine transporters or receptors, they finally converge to common neural pathways. Several lines of evidence suggest that their chronic...