History of psychology
May 2010
John A Mills
Working in a psychiatrically innovative environment created by the Government of Saskatchewan, Canada, Abram Hoffer and Humphry F. Osmond enunciated the adrenochrome hypothesis for the biogenesis of schizophrenia in 1952, slightly later proposing and, apparently, demonstrating, in a double-blind study, that the symptoms of the illness could be reversed by administering large doses of niacin....
Brain Research Bulletin
April 29, 2010
Antonietta Manna, Antonino Raffone, Mauro Gianni Perrucci et al.
Meditation refers to a family of complex emotional and attentional regulatory practices, which can be classified into two main styles - focused attention (FA) and open monitoring (OM) - involving different attentional, cognitive monitoring and awareness processes. In a functional magnetic resonance study we originally characterized and contrasted FA and OM meditation forms within the same...
Mindfulness
April 26, 2010
Rebecca S. Crane, Willem Kuyken, Richard P. Hastings et al.
205 citations
Several randomised controlled trials suggest that mindfulness-based approaches are helpful in preventing depressive relapse and recurrence, and the UK Government's National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence has recommended these interventions for use in the National Health Service. There are good grounds to suggest that mindfulness-based approaches are also helpful with anxiety...
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
April 14, 2010
Gerry Jager, Robert I Block, Maartje Luijten et al.
Objective: Early-onset cannabis use has been associated with later use/abuse, mental health problems (psychosis, depression), and abnormal development of cognition and brain function. During adolescence, ongoing neurodevelopmental maturation and experience shape the neural circuitry underlying complex cognitive functions such as memory and executive control. Prefrontal and temporal regions are...
Substance Abuse
April 2010
Willoughby B. Britton, Richard R Bootzin, Jennifer C Cousins et al.
Poor sleep is common in substance use disorders (SUDs) and is a risk factor for relapse. Within the context of a multicomponent, mindfulness-based sleep intervention that included mindfulness meditation (MM) for adolescent outpatients with SUDs (n = 55), this analysis assessed the contributions of MM practice intensity to gains in sleep quality and self-efficacy related to SUDs. Eighteen...
Journal of Substance Use
April 1, 2010
Jean‐Jacques Breton, Christophe Huỳnh, Sylvie Raymond et al.
6 citations
The case of a bipolar 17-year-old girl who developed prolonged vivid hallucinations and a dissociative state involving self-destructive behaviour following the use of Salvia divinorum is presented. The herb has mostly short-term (10–15 min) hallucinogenic properties. Salvatorin A, the main active compound, is a highly selective agonist of the kappa-opioid receptor. The plant is available at...
The FASEB Journal
April 1, 2010
Cullen L. Schmid, Laura M Bohn
Serotonin and the hallucinogenic metabolites of tryptamines, dimethylated tryptamines, activate the serotonin 2A receptor (5‐HT2AR), which is implicated in numerous mental health disorders. We have previously demonstrated that the 5‐HT2AR is differentially regulated by βarrestin2 (βarr2) depending upon the agonist; here we utilized βarr2 knockout mice to compare signaling profiles in vivo, by...
Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling
March 30, 2010
Byoung‐Kyong Min
103 citations
[BACKGROUND]: It is reasonable to consider the thalamus a primary candidate for the location of consciousness, given that the thalamus has been referred to as the gateway of nearly all sensory inputs to the corresponding cortical areas. Interestingly, in an early stage of brain development, communicative innervations between the dorsal thalamus and telencephalon must pass through the ventral...
Behavioral and Brain Functions
March 22, 2010
Carmen Manzanedo, Marta Rodríguez‐arias, Manuel Daza‐losada et al.
36 citations
Abstract Background Numerous reports indicate that MDMA users consume other psychoactive drugs, among which cannabis is one of the most common. The aim of the present study was to evaluate, using the conditioned place preference, the effect of the cannabinoid agonist WIN 55,212-2 on the rewarding effects of MDMA in mice. Methods In the first experiment adolescent mice were initially conditioned...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
March 16, 2010
Francesco De Pasquale, Stefania Della Penna, Abraham Z. Snyder et al.
Functional MRI (fMRI) studies have shown that low-frequency (<0.1 Hz) spontaneous fluctuations of the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal during restful wakefulness are coherent within distributed large-scale cortical and subcortical networks (resting state networks, RSNs). The neuronal mechanisms underlying RSNs remain poorly understood. Here, we describe magnetoencephalographic...