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Studies An Irish Quarterly Review June 1, 2017 Toner Bill
Studies • volume 106 • number 422 179 Some Reflections on Dawkins Bill Toner SJ Some weeks ago I was sitting in a quiet Dublin pub with a Jesuit friend talking about Richard Dawkins and the impact he seemed to be having on religious belief through his books, such as The Blind Watchmaker and The God Delusion.1 As is well known, Dawkins’main area of interest is evolution. He relies heavily on the...
Journal of Neural Transmission June 2017 Zoya Marinova, Susanne Walitza, Edna Grünblatt
Decreased neurotrophic factors expression and neurotrophin receptors signalling have repeatedly been reported in association with stress, depression, and neurodegenerative disorders. We have previously identified the hallucinogen 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine hydrochloride (DOI) as protective against trophic deprivation-induced cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells and established...
Neuropharmacology June 2017 Alyssa F DeLarge, Laura L Erwin, Peter J Winsauer
Mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone), a constituent of the recreational substances known as "bath salts", is a synthetic cathinone that can produce auditory and visual hallucinations, as well as problematic cardiovascular effects. This study compared the discriminative stimulus effects of mephedrone (0.32-10 mg/kg) with other prototypical drugs of abuse: cocaine (0.56-32 mg/kg), d-amphetamine...
Behavioural Pharmacology June 1, 2017 Jeremy I Webster, David N. Harper, Susan Schenk
Studies that have attributed the discriminative stimulus effects of ±3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) to serotonergic mechanisms typically use a relatively low training dose of 1.5 mg/kg. The role of serotonin in the discriminative stimulus effects of higher doses of MDMA is, however, unknown. Separate groups of rats were trained to discriminate MDMA (1.5 or 3.0 mg/kg) from saline using...
Journal of Cognitive Enhancement June 1, 2017 Amishi P. Jha, Joanna E. Witkin, Alexandra B. Morrison et al. 43 citations
Periods of persistent and intensive demands may compromise working memory (WM) and increase susceptibility to distraction. We investigated if mindfulness training (MT) may mitigate these deleterious effects and promote cognitive resilience in military cohorts enduring a high-demand interval of military training. To better understand which aspects of MT programs are most beneficial, three...
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience June 1, 2017 Brian A Metzger, Kyle E Mathewson, Evelina Tapia et al.
Research on the neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) has implicated an assortment of brain regions, ERP components, and network properties associated with visual awareness. Recently, the P3b ERP component has emerged as a leading NCC candidate. However, typical P3b paradigms depend on the detection of some stimulus change, making it difficult to separate brain processes elicited by the...
Psychological Medicine May 30, 2017 Chandni Hindocha, Tom P. Freeman, Joanna Xia et al. 104 citations
BACKGROUND: Cannabis and tobacco have contrasting cognitive effects. Smoking cannabis with tobacco is prevalent in many countries and although this may well influence cognitive and mental health outcomes, the possibility has rarely been investigated in human experimental psychopharmacological research. METHOD: The individual and interactive effects of cannabis and tobacco were evaluated in 24...
Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences May 30, 2017 Michael P. Roberts
This paper does two things. Firstly, it clarifies the way that phenomenological data is meant to constrain cognitive science according to enactivist thinkers. Secondly, it points to inconsistencies in the ‘Radical Enactivist’ handling of this issue, so as to explicate the commitments that enactivists need to make in order to tackle the explanatory gap. I begin by sketching the basic features of...
Psychopharmacology May 27, 2017 Patrick C. Dolder, Felix Müller, Yasmin Schmid et al. 118 citations
RATIONALE: 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is used recreationally and investigated as an adjunct to psychotherapy. Methylphenidate and modafinil are psychostimulants that are used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy, respectively, but they are also misused as cognitive enhancers. Little is known about differences in the acute effects of equally...
Scientific Reports May 25, 2017 Xiaoming Li, Ru Ma, Liangjun Pang et al.
Cigarette craving is a key contributor of nicotine addiction. Hypnotic aversion suggestions have been used to help smoking cessation and reduce smoking relapse rates but its neural basis is poorly understood. This study investigated the underlying neural basis of hypnosis treatment for nicotine addiction with resting state Electroencephalograph (EEG) coherence as the measure. The sample...