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October 19, 2024
Samal Jalmagambetova, Yessim Garifolla, Gulzhykhan Nurysheva
A comparative analysis of Western and Eastern philosophy of consciousness examines how thinkers from each tradition explain the mind-matter relation. The study reviews Islamic monotheism in Al-Farabi's views and Ibn Sina's theory of the relationship between thinking and body, alongside Western approaches such as Dennett's heterophenomenology, physicalism, and Searle's "Chinese room" thought experiment. Fundamental similarities and differences between the traditions are identified, and the authors offer analytical criticism of these philosophical trends.
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January 19, 2026
Danke Zhang
This article argues that the Daoist text Taiyi Jinhua Zongzhi presents a coherent metaphysical framework centered on light, not merely a psychological or symbolic model. It distinguishes innate light (xingguang), identified as the ontological Dao, from cognitive light (shiguang), which obscures this primordial luminosity. The practice of turning the light inward (huiguang) is prescribed as the disciplined path of return. Through close textual analysis, the article elucidates a triadic framework of light as ontology, method, and visionary confirmation, concluding that the text offers a distinctively Daoist model of light-centered cultivation.
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April 3, 2025
Deivide Garcia da Silva Oliveira
The paper explores the Extended Mind Hypothesis (ExM), which suggests that cognitive processes extend beyond the brain to include external tools and technologies. It examines how ExM changes the understanding of human-AI interaction, challenging the Standard model of AI by arguing that AI, as an active non-organic agent, influences cognition more profoundly than expected. The authors propose adding 'maintainability' as a fourth criterion to ExM's Trust and Glue criteria—alongside trustworthiness, reliability, and accessibility—to better evaluate parity in coupled systems and address concerns about control. They highlight risks from AI's understanding of human psychology, which may cause unintended shifts in objectives and choices, concluding that maintainability is a critical safeguard against evolving challenges in human-AI integration.
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October 18, 2024
Eros Moreira de Carvalho
The extended mind thesis holds that some mental states and cognitive processes extend beyond an individual's brain and body. External items or actions involving environmental manipulation can partly constitute mental states or cognitive processes. In Clark and Chalmers' seminal paper, this thesis is supported by the parity principle and active externalism, with greater emphasis on the parity principle, which is presented as neutral regarding the nature of cognition. This article argues that more emphasis should be placed on active externalism, which is not neutral about cognition's nature. Although this may seem disadvantageous, it is necessary for correctly understanding and defending the Otto case.
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April 9, 2019
Carlos Eduardo Maldonado
This paper argues for a radical relationship between reality and consciousness grounded in quantum theory, proposing panpsychism as a way to overcome dualism. It contends that determinism and reductionism have already been challenged in science and philosophy, but dualism persists. Panpsychism is presented as a framework that can be understood in various forms, with arguments provided to support this view. The work explores the fundamental problem of the connection between consciousness and reality, drawing on quantum science to advocate for a non-dualistic perspective.
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April 9, 2019
Ram Lakhan Pandey Vimal
The article elaborates an extended dual-aspect monism (eDAM) framework for consciousness, which posits that physical and non-physical aspects are inseparable, as no empirical fMRI/EEG data show separability. It argues that materialism, idealism, and dualism each have serious problems, whereas eDAM has the fewest. The framework introduces the novel idea that the potentiality of primary irreducible subjective experiences coexists with its physical aspect in nature, providing missing information that successfully addresses the hard problem of consciousness.
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January 1, 2018
Sam Coleman
This paper explains David Rosenthal's higher-order thought (HOT) theory of consciousness, reviews a major objection to it, and argues that the objection is ultimately ineffective. However, the author contends that the objection points to a reason to consider an alternative HOT theory. The author then presents their own version of HOT theory as a suitable alternative.
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September 2, 2013
Gustavo Leal-Toledo
The Zombie Argument, intended by Chalmers to support dualism, instead forces qualia into a realm where they cannot affect our self-judgments, implying we might all be zombies without knowing it—a paradox Chalmers accepts as part of his theory. This philosophical move is unacceptable because the paradox undermines dualism from within, turning the zombie argument against it. Chalmers attempts to resolve this by asserting consciousness as a brute, indubitable fact, but that effort fails; even if he were correct, the possibility remains that we could be zombies and unaware of it.