Although substantial progress has been made in the last three decades towards our understanding of how general anesthetics (GAs) act at the molecular level, much less is known about how GAs cause loss of consciousness at the level of neuronal networks. The role of thalamus as an important brain region in anesthetic-induced hypnosis is relatively well established, but the specific roles of...
Mindfulness-based art therapy (MBAT) combines mindfulness practices with art therapy to promote health, wellness, and adaptive responses to stress. Mindfulness-based stress reduction programs have been demonstrated to reduce anxiety symptoms in people with generalized anxiety disorder and serious medical conditions such as cancer. However, the benefits of MBAT specifically—not just in clinical...
For more than 40 years following its approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as an anesthetic, ketamine, a non-competitive N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist, has been used as a tool of psychiatric research. As a psychedelic drug, ketamine induces psychotic symptoms, cognitive impairment, and mood elevation, which resemble some symptoms of schizophrenia. Recreational...
SummaryA single ip injection of 25, 50, or 100 μg of LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)/100 g of body weight into female rats on the morning of proestrus significantly decreased serum prolactin levels, and prevented the normal rise observed in control rats on the afternoon of proestrus. The 100-μg dose of LSD produced a significantly greater decrease in serum prolactin than the 25-μg dose. This...
SummaryAddition of DNA (but not RNA) to solutions of lysergic acid diethylamide resulted in a depression of the absorption and fluorescence spectra of the drug. The Kd for D-LSD: DNA binding, calculated from spectral changes, was 5 × 10-4 M, and each nucleotide residue was a potential binding site. Binding did not occur at pH 3 (where DNA is nonhelical), and was decreased by prior heating of...
Suppression of food intake in the rat was shown to follow injection of LSD-25 and this effect was determined to be dose dependent. When the effects of 10 daily injections of the drug were investigated, a suppression of food intake on each day indicated a lack of development of complete tolerance. These data show that caution is needed in interpretation of the behavioral effects of LSD-25 where...
1. Effect of electroshock and 18 chemical agents (pentylenetetrazole, semicarbazide, strychnine, picrotoxin, caffeine, pheniprazine, amphetamine, mescaline, LSD, phenobarbital, chloral hydrate, acetazolamide, diphenylhydantoin, meprobamate, chlorpromazine, methoxypromazine, reserpine and morphine) was determined on the level of 10 ninhydrin-reacting compounds in the rat brain (glutathione,...
SummaryIncubation of psilocybin with purified intestinal phosphatase resulted in liberation of psilocin and inorganic phosphate. Psilocin formed was determined both quantitatively by a specific colorimetric method employing the nitrosonaphthol reagent and qualitatively by paper chromatography. Some characteristics of the phosphatase action on psilocybin are described. The possibility of a...
A series of 15 steroid hormones and metabolites were tested for their effectiveness to suppress LSD-25 induced behavior changes in rats. All produced significant suppression (p<0.05) except estradiol. Ability to suppress LSD-25 action does not appear to be related to specific molecular groups or to hormonal potency.
1. It has been demonstrated that chlorpromazine, perphenazine, proclorperazine, promazine, thiopropazate, promethazine and reserpine are effective antagonists of mescaline-induced mortality in CF1 mice. 2. No significant protection was found with use of sodium phenobarbital, meprobamate, benactyzine, atropine, hydroxyzine, ethoxybutamoxane, SY-21, diphenylhydantoin, trimethadione, lysergic acid...
10 γ/kg i.p. of LSD potentiate the adrenal ascorbic acid depletion caused in rats by 25 γ/kg i.p. of epinephrine, 40 γ/kg i.p. of BOL are ineffective in this respect. 30 γ/kg i.p. of both serotonin and bufotenin potentiate the effects of epinephrine (25 γ/kg i.p.). The threshold doses of bufotenin and serotonin enhancing the epinephrine induced contractions of cat's nictitating membrane were...
(1) Reserpine antagonizes the analgesia in mice induced by morphine, meperidine and codeine. (2) Five-hydroxytryptophane, 5-hydroxytryptamine, tryptamine, amphetamine, mescaline and epinephrine prolong and enhance morphine analgesia whereas iproniazid and choline-p-tolyl-ether fail to do so. (3) Possible mechanisms involved in the synergistic action of amines and the antagonistic action of...
1. Administration of reserpine to rabbits pretreated with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor, iproniazid, causes excitation and sympathomimetic effects similar to those observed after administration of LSD or high doses of 5-hydroxytryptophan. These effects are associated with the presence of a high concentration of free serotonin in the brain. The observations are consistent with the concept that...
Mescaline, injected intravenously and intraperitoneally into dogs and cats and into the lateral ventricle of the brain of cats, produced acute autonomic effects followed by catatonia. These responses appeared to be altered or prevented by pretreatment with the ataraxic agents chlorpromazine, reserpine, and azacyclonol.
SummaryTranquilizing drugs: Frenquel (0.8 mg/1), chlorpromazine (0.1 mg/1) and reserpine (0.4 mg/1), antagonize serotonin-induced uterine contractions, though they do not affect sensitivity of the uterus of the spayed rat either to ACh or oxytocin. The period of antagonism is longer lasting with reserpine than with chlorpromazine and is shortest with Frenquel. Mescaline (0.1 mg/1) causes a...