Imagination, Cognition and Personality
September 1, 2002
Michael Schredl
The results of the present study confirmed earlier findings of heightened dream recall frequency in women. The variables “meaningfulness of dreams” and “occurrence of problem-solving dreams” significantly reduced the correlation coefficient between gender and dream recall frequency. However, the question of causality remains unsolved. Other variables such as emotional intensity of dreams or...
Dreaming
March 1, 2002
Michael Schredl
162 citations
Dream questionnaires are widely used in dream research to measure dream recall frequency and various aspects of dream life. The present study has investigated the intercorrelation between questionnaire and diary measures. 285 participants completed a dream question-naire and kept a dream diary over a two-week period. Results indicate that keeping a dream diary increased dream recall in low and...
Consciousness and Cognition
December 1, 2001
M Schredl, A T Funkhouser, C M Cornu et al.
The coefficients of internal consistency and retest reliability had been rarely investigated within the methodology of dream content analysis. Analyzing a dream series of elderly, healthy persons obtained from weekly telephone interviews, the internal consistency of a series of 20 dreams and retests after 4 or 22 weeks, respectively, had been computed. The findings indicate that dream recall...
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
August 1, 2001
Michael Schredl, Golo Kronenberg, Patrick Nonnell et al.
46 citations
Schredl, Michael Ph.D.; Kronenberg, Golo M.D.; Nonnell, Patrick; Heuser, Isabella M.D. Author Information
Dreaming
December 1, 1999
Michael Schredl, Gerard Schäfer, Friedrich Hofmann et al.
61 citations
Using dream diary procedures and statistically controlling for age and gender, the present study investigated the relationship between Hartmann's (1991) boundary concept and various aspects of dreaming. Results with a sample of young adults confirmed earlier findings that persons with thin boundaries recall dreams (including nightmares) more often, report dreams that are more negative and...
Perceptual and Motor Skills
April 1, 1999
Michael Schredl
The present study investigated the linear as well as nonlinear relationships between scores on selected dream content scales and dream length. Analysis indicated that biases due to control solely for the linear components are almost negligible.
Journal of Sleep Research
September 1, 1998
Michael Schredl, Gerard Schäfer, Bettina Weber et al.
The present study investigated dream recall frequency and dream content of patients with insomnia in comparison to healthy controls. Patients’ dream recall frequency was elevated, due mainly to their heightened frequency of nocturnal awakenings. Dream content seems to reflect waking life stressors found in these patients, i.e. dream emotions were more negative and dreams were characterized by...
Dreaming
June 1, 1998
Michael Schredl
33 citations
The present study investigated dream recall and dream content in patients with narcolepsy. Compared to healthy controls, patients with narcolepsy reported higher dream recall frequency and more negatively toned and bizarre dreams, confirming earlier findings.
Perceptual and Motor Skills
April 1, 1998
Michael Schredl
The present study investigated the stability and variability, respectively, of selected dream content measures derived from diary dreams. The within-subject correlations were small when dream length was controlled. To obtain sufficient reliability for all scales dream series of 20 dreams or more would be necessary.
Perceptual and Motor Skills
June 1, 1997
Michael Schredl, Evelyn Doll
The present study has investigated the relationship between Autogenic Training and dream recall for 112 participants in 16 beginning courses of 10 wk. Analyses confirmed the hypothesis that learning and practicing this relaxation technique enhanced dream recall.
Imagination Cognition and Personality
March 1, 1997
Michael Schredl, Alyaa Montasser
33 citations
The first part of a two article series presented the hypotheses explaining the variation in dream recall, a model of the dream recall process and the empirical data concerning trait factors. The present article includes earlier data concerning state factors, new empirical data on how these influence dream recall, and some final conclusions. State factors such as nocturnal awakenings and...
Imagination Cognition and Personality
October 1, 1996
Michael Schredl, Alyaa Montasser
64 citations
The aim of the present article is to carefully review the research carried out hitherto regarding factors influencing dream recall. With respect to the hypotheses explaining the variation in dream recall frequency (DRF) and a model of the dream recall process, the empirical data has been divided into two groups, trait factors and state factors. In the first part of the article the studies on...
Perceptual and Motor Skills
August 1, 1995
M Schredl, S Frauscher, A Shendi
The present study estimated correlations for 50 subjects among frequency of dream recall, length of dream report, and visual memory. Whereas the results confirmed the previously found relationship between frequency of dream recall and visual memory, influence of visual memory on length of dream report was not found.
The Journal of Creative Behavior
March 1, 1995
Michael Schredl
ABSTRACTThe literature on creativity and dream recall often found significant positive correlations between measures of creativity and dream recall frequency (DRF). The present study investigated the relation between creative interests and DRF in detail. The findings confirmed the results reported in the literature, according to which persons with visual and verbal creative skills recalled more...
Perceptual and Motor Skills
June 1, 1994
M Schredl
The present study investigated the relation between dream length and verbal creativity for 32 subjects who were given a verbal creativity test and also kept a dream diary over a 2-wk. period. Subjects with high verbal creativity scores reported significantly shorter dreams. This may indicate that other factors influence the dream report's length, including visual memory.