Among all the Transcendentalists, Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803 – April 27, 1882) looked forward to a more glorious state in America than history had yet recorded at a turning point in the foundation of his nation’s literature. The belief in human progress culminating in a religion of humanity is the reason that Transcendentalism came into understanding Asian religions and doctrines to...
Consciousness is a cognitive function that maintains its eternal character as long as it is strengthened and enriched by the optimal functioning of the corresponding neural networks of the brain, which are stimulated during its activation. The present study explores its relationship with the cognitive functions of the Theory of Mind and Metacognition and briefly explains their approach through...
Both lucid dreaming and mindfulness appear to involve metacognition and awareness, or “awareness of awareness” in which one is aware and consciously attends to present experiences. Despite evidence for the continuity hypothesis of dreaming (which posits dream content is connected and related to the concerns and thoughts in waking life), little research has explored a relationship between lucid...
The aim of this paper is to address the problem of pre-reflective self-consciousness in the context of the contemporary computational approaches to the mind. These standpoints try to grasp consciousness in the language of mathematics and geometry, hoping for its more precise description. As a counterbalance to such theories, Sartre’s abiding insight (pre-reflective consciousness) and Henrich’s...
Introduction There has been an increase in the use of new psychoactive substances containing synthetic cannabinoids in recent years. It is also known as K2, spice, or fake weed, and these are popular as recreational drugs [Kourouni I et al. JAMA NetW Open 2020 Jul; 1;3(7): e208516]. CB1 agonists in SCs mimic the effects of cannabis, making users feel happy and relaxed. However, recreational SCs...
Diversity of brain activity is a robust neural correlate of global states of consciousness. It has been proposed that diversity measures specifically reflect the temporal variability of conscious experience. Previous studies supported this hypothesis by showing that perception of meaningful visual stimuli causes richer, more-variable experiences than perception of meaningless stimuli, and this...
European PsychiatryMarch 1, 2023E. Prades, A. Torres, P. Díez et al.1 citation
Introduction Ayahuasca is a traditional brew containing the psychedelic 5-DMT (a tryptamine that acts as a 5HT2A-R agonist) used to achieve non-ordinary states of consciousness, with a long tradition among various cultures in ritual and therapeutic contexts. Ayahuasca is being studied as potential treatment in Mental Health, which has led to non-controlled and recreational use. This has led to...
Within the modern resurgence of psychedelics as medicinal agents for a range of conditions, the story of MDMA (Ecstasy, Molly) has been re-narrated from a dangerous street drug to a breakthrough mental health therapy. Even still, the story of MDMA remains incomplete within a binary discourse of deviant recreational use versus psychotherapeutic-medical use. The present research aimed to uncover...
Abstract The physical basis of consciousness is one of the most intriguing open questions that contemporary science aims to solve. By approaching the brain as an interactive information system, complex network theory has greatly contributed to understand brain process in different states of mind. We study a non-ordinary state of mind by comparing resting-state functional brain networks of...
Introduction Substance use disorders(SUDs) are a major health concern and current treatment interventions have proven only limited success. Despite increasing effectiveness, still about 50–60% relapse within 6–12 months after treatment [Cornelius et al ., Addict Behav. 2003;28 381-386]. SUDs are defined as chronic disorders of brain reward system, motivation, and memory processes that have gone...