The aim of the article is to analyze Hilary Putnam’s philosophy of mind. The early and late periods of the philosopher's work are analyzed to identify the key ideas of Putnam’s philosophy of mind in each. The early period is characterized by the development of a functionalist approach to the interpretation of mental states. According to functionalism, mental states must be explained in terms of...
The article discusses the genesis of antinomianism in the philosophy of psychiatry, analyzes its origins in the philosophical interpretation of mental illness in the 20th century. Antinomianism is the interpretation of methods, concepts, and practices through contradictory but equal categories that set different perspectives for interpretation. The study of antinomianism has a critical...
AbstractThis chapter lays the philosophical groundwork for a realist phenomenological analysis of the psychedelic experience. As the academic study of psychedelic consciousness emerges, this work contributes a novel approach by employing realist phenomenology—a tradition yet to be systematically applied to psychedelic states. Rather than pursuing metaphysical speculation directly, the focus...
Diese Dissertation untersucht, wie Realität während des Schlafs und in Übergangszuständen zwischen Wachsein und Schlaf wahrgenommen wird. Sie stellt vor: (1) ein konzeptionelles Modell zu außerkörperlichen Erfahrungen, Schlafparalyse und luzidem Träumen, (2) ein Induktionsprotokoll, (3) phänomenologische Analyse, (4) Schlaf-Staging, und (5) EEG-Korrelate. Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass...
The world we live in now is almost exclusively populated by things designed by minds to be understood by other minds. I argue here that: (1) Human environments now consist mainly of reified concepts, such as "chairs." (2) These externalized concepts look like simple cartoons of the concepts they reify, with flat, homogenous surfaces in geometric shapes, with one or a small number of colors,...
This paper explores the intersection of phenomenology and neuroscience to address foundational questions about consciousness, particularly the nature of qualia-subjective, ineffable contents of experience. Drawing on Thomas Nagel's seminal inquiry into subjective experience and Husserlian phenomenology, we propose that phenomenological "What is it like?" questions can be integrated with...
Representationalism is the theory that our conscious perception of the world is mediated by mental representations, rather than being a direct encounter with reality. In this article, we define representations in terms of a unified theory of long-term memory that incorporates both its explicit and implicit divisions. Apart from these integrative features, the theory offers the possibility for...
Exposure to rapid and bright stroboscopic light has long been reported to induce vivid visual hallucinations of colour and geometric formations. This phenomenon was first documented by Purkinje over 200 years ago. Since then, significant progress has been made in understanding the effects of stroboscopic light and the experiences it induces through multiple waves of interest from the...
Over several decades, Liangkang Ni has developed a distinctive perspective on the parallels and divergences between Edmund Husserl's phenomenology and Buddhism, particularly Yogācāra Buddhism. Despite the significance of his contributions, Ni's writings remain largely unavailable in English and have thus had limited exposure in Western phenomenological discourse. This article addresses that gap...
In recent times, adolescents with severe forms of psychopathology that do not unambiguously fit into a precise diagnostic category have come to clinical observation. The diagnoses attributed to these young patients range from borderline personality disorder, to affective disorders, ADHD, and others. These diagnoses are mainly based on behavioural abnormalities (e.g., social withdrawal,...
Iris Murdoch’s Wild Imagination returns to the land to focus more intently on Murdoch’s depictions of key moments of human interaction in landscape. With reference to The Good Apprentice, chapter 5 begins by charting Murdoch’s fascination, as a young philosopher, with the role of the body and sensory awareness as essential precursors to thought. It considers Murdoch’s early interest in the work...
The paper argues for an embodied and enactive view of linguistic concepts as a solution to the "scaling up" problem, namely the transition from embodied experience to symbolic and abstract thought. Drawing on phenomenology, neurobiology, conceptual metaphor theory and enactivism, it aims to demonstrate the constitutive role of the body and intersubjectivity in concept formation. Concrete...
Drawing on Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenological framework of embodied perception, this paper examines Sarah Kane’s 4.48 Psychosis (2000) and Sasha Waltz’s Körper and noBody (early 2000s), focusing on how they destabilise the body’s ontological boundaries. By employing Merleau-Ponty’s concepts of the lived body, the study explores how both works challenge conventional binaries between...
Psychopharmacology is currently plagued by reductionism since it is understood as the treatment of biological and behavioural symptoms of mental disorders without taking into account the subjective life of the self in relation to others. Psychopharmacological interventions, such as antidepressants and antipsychotics, must be situated and discussed within the embodied context of the...
Mixed-method studies require adaptation to the era of big data in quantitative research, seeking scalable approaches that can analyze extensive qualitative datasets while preserving the depth and nuance inherent in the study of consciousness on a broader scale. This study aimed to leverage ChatGPT, renowned for its descriptive generation proficiency, to perform a phenomenological analysis. Our...
This study examines the phenomenon of anomalous experiences. The term 'anomalous experience' refers to experiences often described as hallucinations and, more broadly, to the experiential dimensions of what is commonly referred to as psychosis. I present a critical analysis of the dominant clinical conceptualization of anomalous experience, which frames it as a 'pathology of the mind', by...
This prolegomenon sketches issues central to a philosophy of meditation, develops only some of them here, and refers readers to other works where some not covered here are addressed. A complete philosophy of meditation would include accounts of: the differences between meditative practices, states, and traits; religion-based meditative traditions; novel contemporary meditative practices and...
According to the phenomenal intentionality theory (PIT), intentionality is grounded in phenomenal consciousness : the qualitative and subjective character of experience, which makes possible the intentionality of mental states. PIT is in continuity with an approach in philosophy that originated with René Descartes and that is centered on the epistemological primacy of knowledge of one’s...
The context for our paper comes from the neurophenomenology (NPh) research programme initiated by Francisco Varela at the end of the 1990s. Varela's working hypothesis was that, to be successful, a consciousness research programme must progress by relating first-person phenomenological accounts of the structure of experience and their third-person counterparts in neuroscience through "mutual...
Lived experience is shaped by intersubjective, social, cultural, and historical dimensions. For the past 30 years, neurophenomenology has adopted an embodied perspective of the mind by integrating first-person experiential and third-person neurobehavioural perspectives. Neurophenomenology reveals mutual constraints between both, as they co-constitute a person's lived experience. This article...